中考英语语法专题-简单句教学文稿.ppt

简单句 ;知识概要 ;需要弄清楚的几个概念： 1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book. 2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。 　 eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory. 　 3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词 等)连用,构成谓语。如：be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.　 ;;1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。陈述句可以分为以下五种句型： ① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. ② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. ③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach. ④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. ⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring. ;简单句的五种基本结构：;陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。????He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定）????She won the game.（肯定）She didn’t win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），且句中如果有some要变为any。例如：There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. →He doesnt have any books.;陈述句否定式的构成(4) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film. 注：否定句的类型 1）半否定句（用hardly, little, few等来否定） I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句（用all, both, every, each+谓语+not否定，表示“有的是，有的不是”）I don’t like both the films. 3）全否定句（用not, no, never, neither, nor, nothing等来否定 ） I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 4)否定转移(用在含有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine为主句的句子) I don’t think it will be