基础语法-冠词.docVIP

Basic Grammar： Articles 一、不定冠词的用法 （a / an） 1、泛指某一类的人或事物，相当于any A car is much faster than a bike. A square has four sides. 2、泛指某人或某事物 There is an apple on the table. A young man is drawing a picture. 3、表示某一类人或事物中的一个，相当于one He will be back in a week. I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、表示某事物的单位，相当于every或per Take this medicine three times a day. The car is running at a speed of 80 kilometers an/per hour. 5、表示“同一”，相当于the same The two boys are of an age. = They are of the same age. Cotton of a kind is stored together in a house. 6、用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”。 That is a green tea. They were caught in a heavy rain. It is a great pleasure to have a talk with you. 7、用于专有名词之前表示类似的一个或某一个。 A Mr. Smith is asking to see you at the school gate. 8、用于某些固定词组中 a lot, a few, a bit, have a rest, take a bus, have good time, live/lead a happy life 二、定冠词the的用法 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，用于区别同类中的其他人或事物 Shall I introduce the newcomer to you? The girls in this class are dressed better than those in Class 1. 2、特指双方都明白的人或事物 Take the medicine. Go and open the door, Tom. 3、上文或第二次提到的人或事物 He bought a house. I have been to the house. 4、指世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象 the sun, the earth, the sky, the moon, the world 说明：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词,此类词需要特别记忆 in space/ nature/ society/ heaven 5、用于表示方位的名词前 the east, the south, the northwest, the right/ left, the front 6、用于序数词或形容词最高级前，以及对两人或事物进行对比时起特定作用的比较级前。 the first / second…last bus the tallest boy, the most beautiful dress the taller of the two boys 7、用于某些形容词或过去分词之前，使其名词化，表示某一类人 the old/ young, the poor/ rich the wounded/ injured 8、用于姓氏的复数形式之前，表示夫妇二人或全家人 the Smiths; the Zhangs; the Browns 9、用于单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. = A horse is a useful animal. = Horses are useful animals. 10、用于集合名词前，表示一个整体 the people (人民); the working class (工人阶级); the Chinese football team 11、用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前，表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、江河湖海、山川、群岛、海峡等 the People’s Republic of China; the United Nations; the People’s Da