植物抗旱性中的补偿效应及其在农业节水中的应用-生态学报.PDF

第25卷第4期 生 态 学 报 Vol.25,No.4 2005年4月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Apr.,2005 植物抗旱性中的补偿效应及其在农业节水中的应用 胡田田，‘康绍忠,2‘ (1.西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌，712100;2.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心，北京，100083) 摘要:在论述植物补偿效应存在类型和研究范畴的基础上，详细评述了植物抗旱性中根系形态结构功能及地上部干物质积累、 产量和水分利用效率方面的补偿效应及其影响因素，并对植物抗旱作用中补偿生长的可能生理学机制作了探讨。同时，对补偿 效应在提高农业水分利用效率中的应用进行了讨论。 关键词:补偿效应;抗旱性;延伸生长;生理学机制;农业应用 Thecompensatoryeffectindroughtresistanceofplantsanditsapplicationin water-savingagriculture HUTian-Tian，KANGShao-Zhong2(1.KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineeringinAridandSemiarid Areas,MinistryofEducation,NorthwestAgricultureandForestryUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi,71210,China;2.TheCenterfor AgriculturalWaterResearchinChina,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,100083,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2005,25(4):885一891. Abstract:Inbiology，compensationisacommonphenomenonfollowingenvironmentalstressessuchasdrought,anoxia, salinity，andnutrientstresses.Insomecases，stressissteadyorunchanging.Thismayresultinsomeadaptiveresponsesby theplant.Butinothercases，theplantmaybeexposedtofluctuatingstressconditions.Thecompen$atoryeffectmaydevelop whenthereisanunevensupplyofresourcesorwhentheplantsenvironmentfluctuatesbetweenstressfulandnonstressful conditions.Weproposethatthecompensatoryeffectdevelopswhenplantsaregrownunderconditionsoffluctuatingstress.As aresultofthecompensatoryeffect，plantmorphologyorfunctionmayequalorevensurpassthatofplantsgrownunder nonstressedconditions.Incontrast，plantsgrownundersteadystressconditionsexhibitotherkindsofadaptiveresponses. Theseresponsesoftenoffseteachother.Forexample，understeadystressconditions，enzymeconcentrationsinaplantmaygo down,buttheenzymeactivitymaygoup.Thisshouldnotbeconsideredtobeacompensatoryeffect.Inthispaper,wealso distinguishamongdifferenttypesofcompensatoryeffectsbasedonthe