2014上海英语高考卷精读版.pdf

2014上海⾼考英语考卷（精读版） ⼀ （⼗⼀选⼗） Lets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully （=delicately;closely ） plan menus for meals or read food __labels__ at the supermarket. Since you really__commit__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help__relieve__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket——including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up——is a choice architect. 让我们假设你已经决定你想要吃得更健康。但是，你没有时间仔细计划每餐的菜单， 或者你也没时间在超市阅读⾷品标签。因为你真的承诺⾃⼰⼀个更健康的⽣活⽅式，所以 有些援助会派上⽤场，难道不是吗？这就是“选择建筑师” ，他可以帮助减轻⼀些都是你⾃ ⼰做这⼀切的负担。选择建筑师是那些组织各种环境的⼈，在那些环境下，客户做出决 定。例如，选择建筑师会决定你当地超市的布局，包括花⽣酱摆在哪个架⼦上，,橙⼦应该 怎么堆放。 Governments dont have to__impose__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect——one that encourages us to choose what is best ——we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__gentle__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives. 政府不得不通过法律强制执⾏更健康的⽣活⽅式。例如，禁⽌吸烟。相反，如果⼀ 个“选择建筑师”创设出⼀个环境给我们——他⿎励我们⾃⼰去选择最好的——我们就会去 做正确的事情。换句话说,会有这样的设计，能轻轻推动客户做出更健康的选择，⽽不去除 选择的⾃由。这个想法结合了⾃由选择与来⾃“选择建筑师”的温和提⽰。他们的⽬标就是 帮助⼈们过更长寿，更健康，更快乐的⽣活。 The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to __classify__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance ho