“特定”和“针对”标准--反倾销与反补贴措施的再判断.docVIP

中国政法大学 第八届“学术十星”论文大赛参赛论文 “特定”和“针对”标准--反倾销与反补贴措施的再判断“特定”和“针对”标准--反倾销与反补贴措施的再判断Abstract】Under the deepening of economic globalization, in order to protect the domestic economy, countries through national law secretly provides a wide range of specific actions against dumping and subsidies, which are consistent with the pre-conditions of WTO safeguard mechanism, but violate concerning WTO rules. Unfortunately, however, the number of the kinds of these anti-dumping and countervailing measures has so exceeded the extent allowed by WTO that these measures have become an alternative formation of trade barriers on imported goods. In this paper, relying on the panel Reports and the Appellate Body Reports of relevant cases, the writer is engaged in researching and summing up the methods and legal basis of judging the legitimacy of the anti-dumping and countervailing measures logically. The writer is aiming at clarifying the methods to determine whether an anti-dumping measure or a countervailing measure is in compliance with the WTO rules and excluding the legitimacy of the ones which are provided in domestic law but are not in conformity with the rules of WTO. [关键词] 反倾销 反补贴 特定 针对CDSOA 【Key Words】anti-dumping countervailing specific against CDSOA 目 录 绪 论 4 一、判断措施合法性的分析方式概述 4 二、判断措施合法性的核心问题——“针对”与“特定”标准 6 （一）“特定”的判断标准及方法 6 1、“特定”的含义 6 2、“构成要素”审查方法的含义及其适用性的进一步明确 7 （二）“针对”的判断标准及方法 9 1、“针对”的含义 9 2、“针对”的对象 10 3、“针对”体现在措施的构思和结构上 10 4、判断一项措施是否构成“针对”的其他因素 11 （三）“特定”“针对”须同时满足缺一不可 12 （四）“特定”“针对”是否存在适用例外 13 结 论 13 绪 论 GATT第六条的反倾销税、反补贴税最初是作为一种保障（safeguard）机制写入。为了防止保障机制被滥用，每一措施都设有复杂的先决条件，在运用过程中只有在符合法定先决条件时才得引用或采取。反倾销和反补贴措施启动的先决条件主要为倾销存在、造成损害、倾销与损害之间存在因果关系等。目前，通过大量的研究和实践，先决条件的内容和适用方法逐渐明晰，反倾销措施和反补贴措施的启动趋于合法化、规范化。但是在经济全球化不断深入的今天，各国为了保护本国经济，暗地里通过本国法律规定了各种各样的反倾销和反补贴措施，这些措施的启动符合先决条件，但是措施本身与WTO规则相违背。目前这种措施的种类和数量不断扩大，已经远远超过了WTO所允许的范围，形成了另一种对进口商品的贸易壁垒。起初为了避开各国立法机关的审议，GATT作为低层次行政协定由各国政府代表签署生效。正因如此，其缺乏了修改各国现行立法中与条约规定相冲突的内容的过程。虽然GATT已经“临时适用”了半个多世纪，“祖父条款”（第1条（b）款）在乌拉圭回合达成的一揽子协议中被废止，但本国法与GATT规则