【2018年整理】成功的牧草作物种植规划设计.ppt

Planning considerations设计时的考虑: Clean field 清理大田 Picking the Right Seed 选择正确的种子 Cover Crop Considerations 覆盖作物的考虑 Seedbed Preparation and Seed Placement 苗床制备和播种 Fertilizer at Establishment种植时施肥 Field Selection Preparation田间的选择和准备 牧草种子比其他大多数作物种子小，苗床条件非常重要 Forage Seeds are smaller than most other crops and seed bed conditions are critical 播种前应处理主要的多年生杂草问题 Major perennial weed problems should be controlled before seeding. 注意！——这是一项长时间的投资 This is a Long Term Investment - Take Care! Ideal Seed Bed理想的 种床 Seed Shallow ( 1- 1.5 cm) into a Firm, Moist, Seed Bed播于浅的（1-1.5）坚实的、有湿度的种床 Firm seed bed 坚实的苗床 Cultivation耕作 1/4-1/2 inch deep 1/4-1/2英寸的深度 Effect of seeding depth on emergence (%)播种深度对幼苗萌发的影响 Fertilizer:施肥Soil Test Before Seeding播种前进行土壤测试 Nitrogen (0-40 lbs）氮（0-40磅） primarily required for the cover crop初期需要保护作物 excess amounts could damage germination超量可能影响萌发 banding 2-3 inches from seed is the ideal行距2-3英尺是最理想的 Phosphate (50 lbs)磷（50磅） most important nutrient for establishment是建植最重要的 should be applied close to the seed - banded施于种子附近—行施 Potassium 钾 applied to soil test as varies with soil conditions根据土壤测试结果而定 very important on coarse textured soils, less for clay对结构松散的土壤非常重要，黏土较少 Sulfur硫 applied to soil test, use sulphate form not elemental S.根据土壤测试结果而定，施化合物而不是原子硫 Effect of Phosphate on Establishment 磷对牧草生长的影响7 Weeks after Seeding 后第7周 Seed Quality种子质量 Ideally use pure seed with a high germination percentage 种皮较厚的豆科牧草需划破种皮 Legume Inoculation 豆科接种根瘤菌 Nitrogen Fix Annually by Legumes豆科年固氮量 Autotoxicity of Alfalfa 苜蓿自毒素 Alfalfa plants produce a toxin that can reduce the germination of new seedlings 紫苜蓿可以产生一种毒素，这种毒素会影响幼苗的发芽 Toxin (medicarpin) is found in the leaves 毒素存在叶子中 water soluble 溶于水 more mobile in sandy soil than clay 沙地要比硬地更易移动 Effect of toxin depends on: