土木工程英语教案精选.docVIP

Unit One Cemen?t Intro?ducti?on Cemen?t, any mater?ial that harde?ns and becom?es stron?gly adhes?ive after? appli?catio?n in plast?ic form. The term cemen?t is often? used inter?chang?eably? with glue and adhes?ive; in engin?eerin?g and build?ing const?ructi?on the term usual?ly refer?s to a finel?y powde?red, manuf?actur?ed subst?ance consi?sting? of gypsu?m plast?er or portl?and cemen?t that harde?ns and adher?es after? being? mixed? with water?. Cemen?ts are used for vario?us purpo?ses, such as bindi?ng sand and grave?l toget?her with Portl?and cemen?t to form concr?ete, for uniti?ng the surfa?ces of vario?us mater?ials, or for coati?ng surfa?ces to prote?ct them from chemi?cal attac?k. Cemen?ts are made in a wide varie?ty of compo?sitio?ns for a wide varie?ty of uses. They may be named? for the princ?ipal const?ituen?ts, such as calca?reous? cemen?t, which? conta?ins silic?a, and epoxy? cemen?t, which? conta?ins epoxy? resin?s; for the mater?ials they join, such as glass? or vinyl? cemen?t; for the objec?t to which? they are appli?ed, such as boile?r cemen?t, or for their? chara?cteri?stic prope?rty, such as hydra?ulic cemen?t, which? harde?ns under?water?, or acid-resis?ting cemen?t, or quick?-setti?ng cemen?t. Cemen?ts used in const?ructi?on are somet?imes named? for their? commo?nly repor?ted place? of origi?n, like Roman? cemen?t, or for their? resem?blanc?e to other? mater?ials, such as Portl?and cemen?t, which? produ?ces a concr?ete resem?bling? the Portl?and stone? used for build?ing in Engla?nd. Cemen?ts that resis?t high tempe?ratur?es are calle?d refra?ctory? cemen?ts. Cemen?ts set, or harde?n, by the evapo?ratio?n of the plast?icizi?ng liqui?d such as water?, alcoh?ol, or oil, by inter?nal chemi?cal chang?e, by hydra?tion, or by the growt?h of inter?lacin?g sets of cryst?als. Other? cemen?ts harde?n as they react? with the oxyge?n or carbo?n dioxi?de in the atmos?phere?. Portl?and Cemen?t Typic?al Portl?and cemen?ts are mix