语法讲解(五)-定语从句疑难分析.docVIP

一、that和which的专用场合 【疑难点睛】关系代词that与which均可指物，作主语或宾语，一般情况下可互换，但又有各自的专用场合： 1. 在下列情况下，只能用that引导定语从句： (1) 被定语从句修饰的词语前面有：①形容词最高级或序数词；② all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, just等。如： The park is the cleanest park that you can imagine. 这个公园是你能想象到的最干净的公园。 (2) 被定语从句修饰的词是不定代词all, anything, everything, something, nothing等。如：All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。 (3) 一个定语从句同时修饰指人的词和指物的词。如： Can you tell me the persons and places that you’d like to visit? 能告诉我你想拜访的人和想参观的地方吗？ (4) 由which和who等疑问词引导的疑问句中定语从句用that引导。如： Which is the computer that you want to use? 哪一台电脑是你想用的？ Who is the student that is on duty today? 哪个学生今天值日？ 2. 在下列情况下，只能用which引导定语从句： (1) 非限制性定语从句。如： Tom won the game, which made him very happy. 汤姆赢了比赛，这让他很高兴。 (2) 作介词的宾语并与介词一起置于定语从句前面。如： The house in front of which stands a big tree is hers. 前面有一棵大树的房子是她的。 (3) 在由that引导的定语从句中，若还有一个定语从句修饰指物的名词，用which引导。如： He gave me a gift that had been bought from the shop which belongs to his uncle. 他送给我一件礼物，这件礼物是从他叔叔的店里买的。 (4) 修饰指物的代词that和those。如： What were those which he refused to accept? 他拒绝接受的是什么？ 【高考链接】 1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather. (2010全国卷I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 【A】 【温馨提示】当关系代词作定语从句中系动词be的表语时，一般用that引导。但若定语从句有逗号隔开(为非限制性定语从句)时，要用which引导。 【高考链接】 2. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. (2005湖北卷) A. who B. that C. what D. Which 【D】 二、“介词 + which/whom”中介词的确定方法 【疑难点睛】在关系代词which和whom前面常常出现介词，可按照下面的办法判断用什么介词： 1. 根据定语从句中及物动词的基本句式可知惯用搭配的介词。若被修饰的词语能作该句式中介词的宾语时，介词即可确定。如： This is my friend for whom I want to buy a nice gift. (句式“buy sth. for sb.”，sb.为friend) The pen with which I wrote a letter yesterday is lost now. (句式“write sth. with +工具”，工具为pen） 2. 根据定语从句中不及物动词的基本句式可知惯用搭配的介词。若被修饰的词语能作该句式中介词的宾语时，介词即可确定。如： I want to see the person to whom you spoke a minute ago. (句式“speak to sb.”) 3. 根据定语从句中形容词的基本句式可知惯用搭配的介词。若被修饰的词语能作该句式中介词的宾语时，介词即可确定。如： In the bookshop，he saw a