守恒量的适用范围超越运动方程式.pptVIP

摩擦力不是保守力 W Ui Uf Kf Ki 推廣後的功與動能原理 將摩擦力視為外力Fapp 但！實驗發現 有摩擦，似乎機械能就不守恒！ 內能 如果將溫度考慮進來，摩擦作的功，也能如位能，寫成一個物理量在前後狀態的改變！ Ui Uf Kf Ki Eint i Eint f 機械能如果被擴展到包括內能，能量還是會守恆！ 電磁波帶走的能量 電磁能 質能守恆  ? 神秘的微中子 Neutrino ν COSMIC GALL- John Updike Neutrinos, they are very small.They have no charge and have no massAnd do not interact at all.The earth is just a silly ballTo them, through which they simply pass,Like dustmaids through a drafty hallOr photons through a sheet of glass.They snub the most exquisite gas,Ignore the most substantial wall,Cold-shoulder steel and sounding brass,Insult the stallion in his stall,And scorning barriers of class,Infiltrate you and me! Like tallAnd painless guillotines, they fallDown through our heads into the grass.At night, they enter at NepalAnd pierce the lover and his lassFrom underneath the bed - you callIt wonderful; I call it crass. β衰變 W. Pauli N. Bohr Paulis letter of the 4th of December 1930 Dear Radioactive Ladies and Gentlemen, …….. because of …….. the continuous beta spectrum, I have hit upon a desperate remedy to save …… the law of conservation of energy. Namely, the possibility that there could exist in the nuclei electrically neutral particles, that I wish to call neutrons, which have spin 1/2 and obey the exclusion principle ………….. The continuous beta spectrum would then become understandable by the assumption that in beta decay a neutron is emitted in addition to the electron such that the sum of the energies of the neutron and the electron is constant... I agree that my remedy could seem incredible because one should have seen those neutrons very earlier if they really exist. But only the one who dare can win and the difficult situation, due to the continuous structure of the beta spectrum, is lighted by a remark of my honoured predecessor, Mr Debye, who told me recently in Bruxelles: Oh, Its well better not to think to this at all, like new taxes. From n