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ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 53, N. 1, FEBRUARY 2010 Magnitude and energy of earthquakes Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter Annali di Geofisica, Vol. 9, n. 1, 1956. ABSTRACT This is equivalent to Discrepancies arise among magnitudes as derived from local earthquake mB = 0.63 MS + 2.5 = MS – 0.37 (MS – 6.76) (2) data (M ), body waves ( M ) and surface waves ( M ). The relation of M B S L to the others is as yet not definitive; but MS – mB = a (MS – b). The latest The revision is based on a large body of data. revision gives a = 0.37, b = 6.76. Pending further research it is Magnitudes have been derived by the senior author, from recommended that M continue to be used as heretofore, but MS (and surface waves and from body waves separately, for a selection ultimately M ) should be referred to mB as a general standard, called the of better recorded large shallow earthquakes as listed by unified magnitude and denoted by m. Tentatively log E = 5.8 + 2.4 m Gutenberg and Richter [1954]. Those for which there was (E in ergs). Revised tables and charts for determining m are given. suspicion of depth in excess of the normal (believed to be about 25 km) were rejected. Values of mB were plotted against those of MS, and (1) derived from the plot. The values This paper is in continuation of previous investigations a = 0.37, b = 6.76 are comparable with those found by Bath [Gutenberg and Richter 1942, 1956]. [1955] as follows: The earthquake magnitude has s