生产和业务 —— 一个透视外文翻译.docVIP

英文文献1： Production and Operations, A Perspective Elwood Spencer Buffa Some say that the postindustrial society has already been attained in the Untied States. The economy has the capability to produce everything needed by everyone and is indeed sometimes referred to as a surplus economy. They say that the physical production of goods and services in adequate qualities can be assumed, and therefore we must concentrate our attention on the problems of using leisure time effectively so that we will not be good bored with good life available for all. If the previous statements are true, then why be concerned with production management? The answer is that, if we are going to allocate a substantial fraction of our national effort toward the goals alluded to above, we must either make the production machine work smoothly, effectively, and even more abundantly, or in fact we must give up some of our physical product in order to meet the objectives of some of new goals. However, the two objectives are inter-twined because an attack on social and ecological problems necessarily depends in some measure on the capabilities of the economic system. Also, some of the methods of analysis used in production and operations management and operations research are valid mechanisms to study and solve the other problems. Most national planners seem to be assuming that we can have both a high standard of life for all as well as allocate an increasing fraction of our effort toward the solution of our social and ecological problems. Their faith is perhaps justified by the extraordinary progress and performance made in the analysis, design, and operations of productive systems in the past fifteen to twenty years. It has become clear that many phases of productive systems can be automated, that many important areas of decision can be reduced to automatic rules, and that computers can become process controllers. Productive Systems – A Crucial Role in Modern Society It would be difficult to overe