无功规划及其在功率管理中的运行外文翻译.docVIP

Reactive Power Planning and Operating in the Deregulated Power Utilities Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The purposes of this paper are to review the current strategy of reactive power management and search for proper reactive power strategy, which is expected to result in a more efficient and economic way in reactive power management. These goals are actually consistent with the spirit of the deregulation of power industry. Reactive power affects system voltages, energy loss as well as system security. As power system deregulation has been widely accepted by power industry, the philosophy of reactive power management and power system operation is expected to be much different in order to meet the spirit of deregulation and the security requirements. In a vertically integrated utility, reactive power facilities are owned and operated by the same utility. The costs and contribution of reactive power supply are not precisely evaluated. Under deregulation circumstance, the obligations and rights of the owners of reactive power facilities become an essential issue that affects not only the investment returns of power industry but also the power system security. This situation is even more complicated for the interconnection of several self-supported systems. Reactive power is always required during power delivery in an AC system even there are no reactive power loads. However, unlike real power, reactive power is not consumed by any elements of a power system. Reactive power is swapping twice per voltage cycle between capacitive elements and inductive elements. When capacitive elements are absorbing reactive power, inductive elements must be releasing reactive power, and vise versa. The capacities of these capacitive/inductive elements are not always constant. The amount of reactive power that is related to line charging is proportional, while that related to series reactance is proportional. Reactive power compensation can be made at different levels: distribution, transmission and ge