初升高衔接 动词语态.docVIP

初升高衔接 1/4 ---one fourth a quarter 动词语态 词 一、被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变 化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 二. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)情态动词的被动：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 4)不定式 to do 也有被动语态： to be done 。I don＇t want to be looked down我不想被小瞧 5) It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is well known that…众所周知。　 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 6)很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 7)表示“发生、进行”的词，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 8)系动词没有被动形式, feel, sound, taste, book, feel等主动表被动。 例Your reason sounds reasonable. 9)在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。 10)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式