大型射电天线轮轨接触力学研究-机械电子工程专业论文.pdf.docxVIP

摘要射电天文学的发展，使射电望远镜得到了越来越广泛的应用。随着射电天线 规模、重量越来越大，轮轨接触副在重载荷作用下接触变形，会影响天线轨道的 水平度和天线指向精度。因此对大型射电天线轮轨系统的接触力学分析、运行仿 真分析和现场测量具有一定的工程应用意义。本文首先从非赫兹接触理论入手，建立了大型射电天线轮轨非赫兹弹塑性接 触力学模型。从理论上对天线轮轨的载荷、接触应力、接触变形等方面进行了全 面分析，得到了天线滚轮与轨道接触区的接触应力分布，并给出了轮滚接触应力 的数值解，为轮轨接触仿真分析中参数设置提供精确的指导，并为仿真模型的简 化提供理论支持。其次，在理论分析的基础上，运用 Msc.Patran 有限元分析软件建立了天线轮 轨接触力学仿真模型，分析了轮轨接触区的接触载荷分布、应力分布、应变以及 变形情况。针对轨道弹塑性接触应力和变形随轮轨接触区到轨道接缝距离变化这 一情况，建立了大型天线轨道接头处轮轨弹塑性接触有限元模型并进行分析计算。最后，通过对国家天文台五十米口径射电天线轮轨接触变形的现场测试，进 一步验证仿真模型和非赫兹弹塑性接触理论的准确性，主要包括：提出一种天线 座轨道水平度偏差测量方案，利用高精度数字全站仪测量系统对轨道面进行了现 场测试，提出一种可行的轨道水平度调整方法；针对轨道接头处刚度不足，易引 起射电天线指向精度下降这一问题，探索了一种现场测试方案，对靠近轨道接头 不同距离的接触情况，进行测试。通过测试，初步得到了天线轮轨低速运行时实 际的接触变形量，同时也验证了仿真分析模型与测试方法的准确性。本文所建立的轮轨接触力学分析模型，有利于天线轮轨非赫兹接触问题的深 入研究与现场测试，为大型轮轨式天线座架设计提供一定的参考与指导。关键词：大型天线座；轮轨；指向精度；接触变形；有限元分析ABSTRACTWith the development of radio astronomy, radio telescope has been more widely used.However with the increasing of the size and weight of the radio antenna. It will inevitably cause contact deformation of wheel-rail contact pairs under such heavy load. So the levelness of the rail and the pointing precision of the radio antenna will be badly affected .For this reason, significant meanings of theory and engineering have been brought out by the paper,which researched the wheel-rail contact in theory, simulation and measurements.Firstly, the paper, has established an elasto-plastic mechanics model of 50m radio antenna wheel-rail non-hertz contact based on the non-hertz contact theory. The load and the contact stress in the contact area are analyzed in detail theoretically, through which the distribution of the stress between the wheel and rail in the contact area were obtained, as well as the arithmetic solution of the contact stress, load and contact deformation. So the analysis offered precise parameters for simulation and analysis of wheel-rail contact, and also gave support to simulation and analysis of wheel-rail contact.Secondly, the paper based on the Msc.Patran, a kind of finite element simulation softwa