三维图形变换（英文）Computer Graphics-3D Transformations.ppt

CAP4730: Computational Structures in Computer Graphics Transformations in 3D! Remembering 2D transformations - 3x3 matrices, take a wild guess what happens to 3D transformations. Vector Normalization Given a vector v, we want to create a unit vector that has a magnitude of 1 and has the same direction as v. Let’s do an example. Computing the Rotation Matrix 1. Normalize u 2. Compute Rx(?) 3. Compute Ry(?) 4. Generate Rotation Matrix Rotation Matrix Homogenous Coordinates We need to do something to the vertices By increasing the dimensionality of the problem we can transform the addition component of Translation into multiplication. Homogenous Coordinates Homogenous Coordinates – embed 3D transforms into 4D All transformations can be expressed as matrix multiplications. Inverses and combination easier Equivalence of vectors (4 2 1 1)=(8 4 2 2) What this means programatically The Question Given a 3D point, an eye position, a camera position, and a display plane, what is the resulting pixel position? Now extend this for a group of three points Then apply what you know about scan conversion. Different Phases:Model Definition Different Phases:Transformations What are the steps needed? Let’s Examine the Camera If I gave you a world, and said I want to “render” it from another viewpoint, what information do I have to give you? Position Which way we are looking Which way is “up” Aspect Ratio Field of View Near and Far Camera Camera Transformation World-Camera Cross Products Parallel Projections (known aliases): Orthographic or Isometric Projection Parallel Projection Perspective Divide Let’s closely examine What the Perspective Matrix means Normalized Screen Coordinates View Volume (View Frustum) Given two vectors, the cross product returns a vector that is perpendicular to the plane of the two vectors and with magnitude equal to the area of the parallelogram formed by the two vectors. ? u Parallel Projections (known aliases): Oblique Projection L ? ? Projections fores