词汇学chapter6课件1.pptVIP

6 Sense Relations Semantic Field 6. Sense Relations Semantic Field Sense relations: Polysemy Homonymy Synonymy Antonymy Hyponymy Semantic field 6.1 Polysemy Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning. Change of word-meaning new word = one meaning = monosemous monosemic more than one = polysemous polysemic 6.1 Polysemy How does a word acquire new meanings? In what way are the meanings related to one another? 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy 1. Diachronic approach Diachronic approach studies the growth and development of the semantic structure of the same word. Primary meaning derived meaning Example: face: 12 senses Abstract meaning Concrete meaning 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy face: 12 senses Abstract M Concrete M (2) (1) (8) (5) (3) (10) (6) (4) (11) (9) (7) (12) 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy Polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the same word. All the meanings (2)-(12) are derived from (1). (1) 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy 2. Synchronic approach Polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time. The primary meaning is the core or central meaning. All the rest are secondary. 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy Pictorial description of the meanings of face: 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy There are cases where the central meaning has gradually diminished in currency with the changes that have taken place in culture and society, and one of the derived meanings has become dominant. 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy gay (WNWD): (1) joyous and lively; merry; happy (2) bright, brilliant (3) given to social life and pleasure (4) wanton; licentious (5) homosexual The arrangement follows the natural development. 6.1.1 Two Approaches to Polysemy (LDCE)