论文基本架构和格式.pptVIP

論文基本架構和格式 Contents: APA in-text citation APA work reference MLA in-text citation MLA work reference APA and MLA in-text citation APA American Psychological Association Format /library/links/apa5th.htm Creating APA parenthetical citations  Parenthetical citations are citations to original sources that appear in the text of your paper. This allows the reader to see immediately where your information comes from, and it saves you the trouble of having to make footnotes or endnotes. The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The authors last name and the works date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation. Where to place parenthetical citations The basic format for APA in-text citation Basic Format (Authors last name, year of publication) e.g., One recent study finds a genetic link to alcoholism (Jones, 1997). e.g., Jones (1997) finds a genetic link to alcoholism. Multiple Authors When a work has only two authors, use both of their names each time their work is cited, joined by an ampersand () if in parentheses, or by the word and if in text: In parentheses: (Cortez Jones, 1997) In text: Cortez and Jones (1997) For three, four, or five authors, refer to all authors in the first citation, then use the first author’s last name followed by the abbreviation et al. (not italicized and with a period after al): First citation: (Cortez, Jones, Gold, Hammond, 1998) Subsequent citations: (Cortez et al., 1998) For six or more authors, use the first authors last name followed by the abbreviation et al.: In all citations: (Burke et al., 1999) Different Authors with the Same Last Name When citing different authors with the same last name, include their first and middle initials, so