黄永平《计算机导论精品教学》ch06[Part2.Computer HW] Computer Networks2.pptVIP

A computer network is a combination of systems(e.g., a computer) connected through transmission media(e.g.,a wire,a cable, or air). 计算机网络：通过不同的传输介质（如电线、电缆等）连接起来的组合。 Three types of networks LAN(local area network)：局域网。 MAN(metropolitan area network)：城域网。 WAN(wide area network)：广域网。 A Model(模型) is the specification set by a standards organization as a guideline for designing networks. (OSI model) 由标准化组织制定的用于网络设计的指南。 Protocol(协议) is a set of rules that controls the interaction of different devices in a network or an internetwork. (TCP/IP) 用于控制网络间不同设备间交互的一套规则。 TCP/IP is the official protocol suite of the Internet. OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) It’s designed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The model theoretically allows any two different systems (e.g., computers) to communicate regardless of their underlying architecture. 开放系统互联模型由国际标准化组织(ISO)设计的一个模型，理论上允许两个不同系统相互通信而不需要考虑它们的底层体系结构。 OSI模型有7层 Application (应用层) Presentation (表示层) Session (会话层) Transport (传输层) Network (网络层) Data link (数据链路层) Physical (物理层) Physical layer1 Bit: It’s responsible for transmitting a bit stream over a physical medium. (物理层)：负责在物理介质中传输位流。 Data-Link layer2 Frame: organizes bits into logical units(header+data+trailer) called frames. It’s responsible only for node-to-node delivery of the frame. Addressing information is added to the data. physical address, source address,destination address. It’s responsible for error handling between two adjacent stations by adding redundant data to trailer to either correct or detect errors. (数据链路层)：将位组成叫做帧(frame)的逻辑单元。在两个邻近站点之间进行点对点的帧传输。 Network layer3 Packet: the data unit handled by the network layer. It’s responsible for delivery of a packet between the original source and final destination, end-to-end delivering one packet. Addressing information is added to data. Logical address, IP address. Physical address(layer 2) change from station to sta