心理学导论Chapter5Sensation.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Sensation — the window on the world How does the world out there get in? Sensation and Perception Sensation: the process by which stimuli are detected and encoded, enabling us to experience a ping pang as a moving, white object Perception: the mental process of organizing and interpreting our sensation, enabling us to see not just moving whiteness, but a ping pang. The Definition Sensation — the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment (bottom-up) Perception — the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events (top-down) Sensing the World:  Some Basic Principles Sensation depends on specialized cell called sensory receptors which detect stimuli and convert their energy into neural impulses. This process is called sensory transduction—the process by which sensory receptors convert stimuli (physical, chemical energy) into neural impulses. Thresholds （阈限） Psychophysics: the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and psychological experience of them Absolute threshold: the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus Signal detection theory: AT vary, not only on the signals strength, but also our psychological state…… Does Subliminal Stimulation Work? Yes The definition of absolute threshold Sometimes we know more than we think we do The experiment (p.150, 98) No no powerful, enduring effect on behavior Difference threshold — just noticeable difference jnd: the minimum difference that a subject can detect between two stimuli 50 percent of the time Weber’s Law: ?I/I=k I: intensity pitch-1/333; weight-1/50; taste-1/5 Sensory Adaptation—diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation The experiment (pp.152-153, 98) An important benefit—it enables us to focus our attention on informative changes in