气象学与气候学chp204.ppt

2.3 Terrestrial radiation 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 2.3.2 Net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system 2.3.3 Energy budget of the earth surface 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 1. Definition Radiation from both atmosphere and earth surface 2. Total radiation Eg= ?e?T4 ?e -- relative emissivity for the earth 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 3. Long-wave radiation (infrared) T= 288K atmosphere: T=250K; surface: T=300 K ?max=10?m 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 4. Absorbed by atmosphere Composition: H2O, CO2, O3 Atmospheric window spectrum: 8-12 ?m 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 5. Emitted by atmosphere Atmospheric counter radiation: infrared radiation downward to surface Greenhouse effect: natural/enhanced Greenhouse Gases: H2O, CO2, O3 , NOx, CFCs 2.3.1 Nature of Terrestrial Radiation 6. Net terrestrial radiation Fo=Eg- ?aEa Eg= ?e?T4 ?e -- relative emissivity for the earth ?a -- relative emissivity for the atmosphere Ea-- atmospheric counter radiation 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system Atmosphere Terrestrial surface Earth-atmosphere system 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system 1. Radiation budget for atmosphere: Ra = F? - F? = qa + a·Fo - F?a qa: short wave solar radiation heating：0.5oC/day 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system Ra = F? - F? = qa + a·Fo - F?a a·Fo : absorbed long wave radiation from surface; heating F?a: emitted long wave radiation from atmosphere; cooling 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system Net results: a·Fo - F?: negative cooling, 2.5oC/day Ra: negative cooling, 2.0oC/day Other energy sources heating for balance of the atmosphere 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system 2. Radiation budget for terrestrial surface: Rg = F? - F? =(1-?)(D+S)-Fo Net results: Day, Rg 0, heating Night, Rg 0, cooling 2.3.2 Net radiation of earth-atmosphere system Energy consumption Evaporate (latent heat) Conduc