浙大光电子学课件chapter61.pptVIP

Fundamentals of Photonics Chapter 6 ELECTRO-OPTICS (1) Electro-optic Effect refractive index( anisotropic crystal ) change with electric field Phase or Polarization change with refractive index Possible application Pockels and Kerr Effects The refractive index of an electro-optic medium is a function n(E) of the applied electric field E. Pockels Effect Kerr Effects Electra-Optic Modulators and Switches Phase Modulators Dynamic Wave Retarders Intensity Modulators: Use of a Phase Modulator in an interferometer Intensity Modulators: Use of a Retarder Between Crossed Polarizers Crystal Optics Dependence of the tilt angle q on the normalized rms voltage (V-Vc)/Vo q (V-Vc)/Vo Dependence of the normalized retardation T/Tmax=[n(q) – n0]/(ne-no) on the normalized rms voltage when n0=1.5, for the values of △n=ne-no indicated. Phase modulator Polarization modulator Nematic Liquid-Crystal Retarders and Modulators Reflective light intensity modulator ?=?/2 (off state) ?= 0 (on state) Liquid- crystal cell s y x Mirror Polarizer Incident light Reflected light Twisted Nematic Liquid-Crystal Modulators Linear polarization direction rotate with liquid crystal twist direction x y Bright s Dark x y s (a) (b) Polarizer Polarizer Reflective twist nematic liquid crystal modulator, normally 45degree twisted Liquid- crystal cell s Mirror Polarizer Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Faster response (us, nematic: ms) Surface stable Ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC), only on-off state smectic-C phase q y x q q z q y x q q z Smectic layers 90° Liquid Crystals spatial light modulator Liquid-Crystal Displays passive devices relatively slow optical efficiency is limited because of polarization the angle of view is limited seven-bar-segment LCD Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulators Hughes liquid-crystal light valve Transparent electrodes White light Incident read light (red) Modulated light Polarizing beamsplitter Light-locking layer Dielectric mirror Photocondu