浙江大学操作系统课件OperatingSystemConceptsCH05.pptVIP

Chapter 5: Threads线程 5.1 Overview　　　　　　　 综述 5.2 Multithreading Models　 多线程模型 5.3 Threading Issues　　　　线程问题 5.4 Pthreads　　　　　　　　POSIX线程 5.5 Solaris 2 Threads 　　　 Solaris 2线程 5.6 Windows 2000 Threads Windows2000线程 5.7 Linux Threads 　　　　 Linux线程 5.8 Java Threads 　　　　　 Java线程 5.1 Overview　　　　　　　　 综述 The concept of a process as embodying two characteristics : Unit of Resource ownership - process is allocated a virtual address space to hold the process image Unit of Dispatching - process is an execution path through one or more programs execution may be interleaved with other processes These two characteristics are treated independently by the operating system Dispatching is referred to as a thread 线程 or lightweight process 轻型进程 Resource of ownership is referred to as a process进程or task任务 5.1.1 Motivation 　　　　　　　　 A thread (or lightweight process) is a basic unit of CPU utilization; it consists of: 线程（轻型进程）是CPU运用的一个基本单元，包括 a thread ID 一个线程标识符 program counter 程序计数器 register set 寄存器集 stack space 栈空间 　(Has an execution state (running, ready, etc.)；Saves thread context when not running；Has an execution stack；Has some per-thread static； storage for local variables；Has access to the memory and resources of its process，all threads of a process share this。) Motivation (Cont.) A thread shares with threads belonging to the same process its: 一个线程与属于同一进程的线程共享： code section 代码段 data section 数据段 operating-system resources 操作系统资源 (Process Have a virtual address space which holds the process image Protected access to processors, other processes, files, and I/O resources) A traditional or heavyweight process is equal to a task with one thread 传统的或重型进程等价于只有一个线程的任务 Motivation (Cont.) A simgle application may be required to perform several similar tasks. For example, a web server accepts client required for web pages. In a multiple threaded task, while one server thread is blocked and waiting, a second thread in the same task can run. 在一个多线程任务中，当一个服务器线程被