浙江师范大学电磁学课件EM53.pptVIP

Sec 5-3 Ampere’s circuital law * 1. Ampere’s circuital law Verification: Here I is the current enclosed by L , which is an arbitrary closed curve in space. B is the total field originating in all the currents. 1）A circle enclosing a current-carrying wire I L I downwards: 2) An arbitrary loop enclosing the wire 3) An arbitrary loop not enclosing the wire There is no current enclosed by L. This is consistent with the Ampere’s law. 4) A number of currents enclosed by L Superposition principle: Explanation: The magnetic field is a non-conservative field. B is dependent of all the currents in space. The circulation (环流) of B is related only to the algebraic(代数) sum of the currents enclosed by L. 2. Ampere’s law calculations Applicable condition: steady currents Solvable condition: The current ( or field ) distributions have some symmetry. This law can be used to find the field distribution of given currents. 【Example1】 What is the field due to a current in a long straight wire of radius R ? Solution: Symmetry analysis We divide dB into dB∥ parallel to r and dB⊥ normal to r. Both and I are consistent with the right-hand rule. R (1) A long cylindrical hollow wire of inner and outer radii a and b, whose axis coincides with the z axis, carries a uniformly distributed current I in the +z direction. Find the magnetic field inside and outside the cylinder. Extension: I (2) A solid cylindrical wire of radius a carries a steady current I. Then a small cylinder of radius b is removed, making a cylindrical cavity centered at a point d within the cylinder. Show that the magnetic field in the cavity is (See p303 8.28) . Solution： A long straight cylinder carrying a current I, what is the magnetic flux through S? 【Example2】 What is the field due to a long, densely wound cylindrical solenoid with circular section? n , I Here n is the number of turns per unit length. Analysis: Symmetry ? Bin is parallel to the z-axis. M N MN mirror reflection + current inversion ?sys