浙江师范大学电磁学课件EMS12.pptVIP

G L Pollack and D R Stump Electromagnetism Homework P85 The Electric Field Problems: 3.4 ; 3.5; 3.6 * Sec1.2 Electric field intensity Electric field Historical view: Coulomb force is a kind of action-at-a-distance. Modern view( Field view point ): ? Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory (2)Properties of matter for electric field The electric field exerts a force on a charged body in the field. The electric field would do a work to move a charged particle. (3)Electric field intensity E The definition of E is the force per unit charge: The test charge is taken to be small so that it does not affect the other charges. Unit: N/C (newton per coulomb) or V/m (volts per meter) A point charge q : N point charges: Field of a charge continuum: Field of an elemental charge: The total electric field is (x-component) (y-component) (z-component) 静 静 动 动 源电荷 q q The relationship between the force and the field (4) Electric field force a) A point charge q in an electric field b) An electric dipole in an electric field A structure incorporating two point charges, +q and －q, having equal magnitude but opposite sign, separated by a constant distance l, is called the electric dipole. -q q l E Dipole moment(电偶极矩)： The torque (力矩) in a uniform field is + - Proof: For a point O, we have (5) Examples Example1-1 Find the field of an electric dipole on the perpendicular bisector. Example1-2 Field of a finitely long charged wire Solution: Elemental charge Similarly, Discussion: ① For an infinitely long line, we have ②Midline of a charged thin wire Example1-3 Electric charge is distributed uniformly over the entire xy-plane, as shown in figure. We call the charge per unit area the surface charge density and denote it by . What is the electric field at point P, at a distance a above the plane? Solution: We divide the charge into narrow strips of width dx, parallel to the y-axis. Each strip can be considered a line charge. and the charge dq on the strip is The charge