浙江师范大学电磁学课件EM51.pptVIP

Chapter 5Magnetostatics Contents Sec 5-1 The magnetic force and the magnetic field Sec 5-2 Electric current as a source of magnetic field Sec 5-3 Ampere’s circuital law and magnetic flux 量子霍尔效应曲线 磁场变化时霍尔电阻以台阶形式变化 台阶高度等于物理常数h/e2 除以整数n。h/e2 ? 25k?。 下面带峰的曲线表示欧姆电阻，在每个平台处趋于消失。 3. Force on a current-carrying wire * 结构框图 运动电荷 磁场 稳恒磁场 磁感应 强度 毕-萨定律 磁场的高斯定理 安培环路定理 磁场的基本性质 洛仑兹力 安培定律 带电粒子在磁场中的运动 霍耳效应 磁力和磁力矩 磁力的功 顺磁质、抗磁质和铁磁质的磁化 磁场强度 介质中的安培环路定理 磁场是电场的相对论效应! 磁场是由运动电荷激发的! Sec 5-1 The magnetic force and the magnetic field 1. Force on a moving charge Which can be used to define the magnetic induction intensity B Unit: T (Tesla) Magnetic force (Lorentz force ) For the Earth’s magnetic field : about 100 microtesla F is perpendicular to v and to B. The magnetic force does no work on q. A more general force equation ------Lorentz force law q m v f R ×B Because the period of electrons is independent of the speed，the electron is accelerated passing through the slit . ~ ? ? B B Two Dees Charged particle 2. Applications of magnetic force 1) Cyclotron (回旋加速器, 1939 Nobel prize) 2) Magnetic focusing —electron microscope(1986 Nobel Prize) Pitch： (rectilinear motion) (circular motion) Helical motion Charged particle The angle can be expressed in terms of R and h: Speed Pitch： Electrons with identical helical pitch are focused： In fact, the magnetic focusing of non-uniform magnetic field produced by a short coil is usually used ,which is called the magnetic lens. Its action in electron microscope is the same as the action of the lens in optical devices. 3) Magnetic confinement (磁约束) Transverse magnetic confinement(横向磁约束)： The stronger the magnetic field, the smaller the radius of the circular motion. In a strong magnetic field, charged particles are confined to a small region in the vicinity of a B-line, the particles have to move along the B-line. Controlled thermonuclear reaction(受控热核反应) Plasma (等离子体) Magnetic confinement(磁约束) Longitudinal magnetic confinem