浙大光电子学课件chapter62.pptVIP

Fundamentals of Photonics Acousto-optic effect The refractive index of an optical medium is altered by the presence of sound An acoustic wave creates a perturbation of the refractive index in the form of a wave * CHAPTER 6-2---ACOUSTIC-OPTICS Chapter 6 ACOUSTO-OPTICS Light Medium Sound x L Rarefaction Compression Refractive index L x Variation of the refractive index accompanying a harmonic sound wave. The pattern has a period L, the wavelength of sound, and travels with the velocity of sound Bragg Diffraction Only reflect light with incidence angle ?: Bragg condition Bragg diffraction Bragg reflection Bragg scattering Bragg reflector Bragg deflector Bragg cell q q Sound Transmitted light Diffracted light Incident light L 1 Interaction of light and sound The strain in a medium Bragg Diffraction S0: the amplitude = 2?f q = 2?/? wavenumber The acoustic intensity (W/m2): ?: the mass density Vs: acoustic plane wave velocity refractive index perturbation: p: photoelastic constant refractive index to acoustic intensity merit for the strength of the acousto-optic effect For light From Fresnel equations: (TE) (TM) In most acousto-optic devices ? is very small q q Lsinq Lsinq L x 0 L/2 -L/2 Max: 2k sin ?= q Max: 2k sin ?=- q upshifted downshifted Amplitude reflectance upshifted q = 2 k sin? r max ?B = sin -1(q/2k): Bragg angle. Upshifted Bragg Diffraction q q q K Kr Tolerance in the Bragg Condition ? - ? B = ?/2L Doppler Shift Reflectance in the Bragg Condition R is proportional to the intensity of the acoustic wave Is For large Is: Downshifted Bragg Diffraction Quantum Interpretation Photons hk Phonons hq hks = hk ? hq q q -q KS K Raman-Nath Diffraction Diffraction of an Optical Plane Wave from a Thin Acoustic Beam q Incident light q q q K Kr Ds q q Kr=k?iq The higher-order diffracted waves generated at angles ? 2?, ? 3?,… 2 ACOUSTO-OPTIC DEVICES Modulators Modulation Bandwidth the maximum frequency at which the madulator can efficiently modulate bandwidth B