教学法Unit2LanguageLearningtheoriesandLearners.pptVIP

Unit 2 Language Learning theories and Learners Objective of the lesson: Behaviorism Cognitive theory Social cognitive theory Constructivism Two contrary opinions concerning learning a language Opinion 2: --- Of course, to learn a language you have to hear others speaking it . But learners develop the language “inside themselves”, forming their own views about how it works, and following their own ways. ---Thinking about how the language works is a very important part of learning .Understanding can be a very useful tool. I. Theory behind opinion 1: Behaviorism: P 23-24 Skinner Behaviorism Skinner’s ideas Conditioning Learning is seen as a question of developing connections. (Known as Stimulus—response bonds.) E.g. A dog salivates when a bell rings– called conditioned reflex 2)Habit formation To build up complex behaviour , one needs to break it down into small parts. By repeating each of the small parts, the whole complex behaviour will be shaped. (in tune with the view of the____________ ) 3) The importance of environment In behaviourism, the environment is all, and the role of the person or animal is ( ). A metaphor : A child is said to be born as a ‘clean slate’ onto which experience “writes” or draws its “messages”. II. Theory behind opinion 2 Mentalism (Cognitive theory)P24 --Mentalism is the ( )to behaviourism. --In the process of learning, the ( )is very important. --Learners are ( )participant in the learning process. Chomsky Mentalism Transformational Generative Grammar  Chomsky believes that every child is born with a powerful piece of machinery—what he calls the language acquisition device (LAD) with which the child already knows a lot about language when he is born. (unlike Skinner’s — ) With the help of this innate ability, a native speaker can create his own data (generate new