类星体的高分辨成像观测及其科学目标王益萍国家天文台.PPT

王益萍 国家天文台 合作者： T. Yamada, I. Tanaka, M. Iye, T. Misawa, Y.Minowa ，纪拓, 田海俊, 陈燕梅 等 类星体的高分辨成像（AO）观测及其科学目标 CHINA-AO 2012 三峡大学，宜昌 摘要 1)高空间分辨率成像技术对天文研究的影响 2）自适应光学系统（AO）简介 3）类星体高分辨成像观测（AO）的科学目标 a)类星体吸收线物理对应体的论证 b)高红移类星体母星系的观测研究 4）先遣观测结果和分析 高分辨成像在天文研究上的主要应用： 1） Planetary science:- asteroid surfaces, satellite surfaces, asteroidal moon, moons of giant planets…. 2) Solar physics:- fine structures and various solar phenomena…. 3) Stellar astronomy:- young binary stars, stellar clusters, circumstellar disks, embedded clusters et al. Faint companions:- very faint companions to nearby stars, brown dwarf etc. 5) Galactic and extragalactic:- QSO host galaxies, QAL host galaxies, companion galaxies, morphology, interacting galaxies, the cores of nearby galaxies, Galactic center… 影响天文成像质量的几大因素 1）望远镜本身： 光学系统， CCD et al. 2) 大气视宁度 (seeing) 大气湍流：1）星象抖动，星光闪烁； 2）星象模糊 从而降低了望远镜的分辨本领和极限星等 衍射极限： 光学波段， 台站seeing ~ 1“， D=15cm , 衍射极限~0.8” D=10米++， seeing limited ~1” Courtesy: LBT website 自适应光学（AO)—自动校正光学波前误差的技术 Binary HR 1852, separation of 0.”31, Takami et al. PASJ 56, 225 (2004) AO观测简单流程： Optimizing an AO system Optimize the AO system Credit: Brusa et al. Steward Obs. ? Subaru AO36, Takami et al. PASJ 56, 225(2004) Adaptive Optics increases peak intensity of a point source, allows astronomers to perform accurate measurements on the image, such as photometry and astrometry. Photo credit: Laird Close, CAAO, Steward Obs. Credit: Marchetti et al. 2007 High-z QSO is easy to detect; QSO is bright, so absorbers in front of them can be studied in detail through absorption lines + deep imaging. 1) QSO aborption line systems Gas containing neutral Hydrogen, heavy elements (C, Si, Mg et al.) LL Systems are a class of QAL system. They are defined to be optically thick at the Lyman Limit, which generally implies N(HI) 10^17 cm^-2. They all show metals. Why high-z LLS s