《植物营养原理》课件第七讲 Abiotic Stresses.ppt

1 Soil Acidity Soil Acidity: A Global Problem Acid soils occur in ~40% of arable land Aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) toxicities. Al3+ toxicity is most important factor: reduces root growth and plant production Management: Lime and acid-soil tolerant species Some species show large variation in Al tolerance Generating near isogenic lines of wheat differing Al tolerance Al tolerant and sensitive parents were crossed, then backcrossed 8 times to give 2 lines which were nearly genetically identical except at a singe locus – Alt1 These lines were called ET8 (tolerant) and ES8 (sensitive) Al tolerance segregated with a single chromosome locus Alt1 Al toxicity tolerance: Early observations Patch clamping of wheat roots to find ion channels that efflux malate Patch clamping of wheat roots to find ion channels that efflux malate Predicted mechanism for Al3+ tolerance The protein encoded by ALMT1 Published predictions: membrane-bound functions as an anion channel activated by Al3+ to release malate activation by La3+ is small or absent constitutive expression predominantly in root apices expression level of the gene or protein function is different between the Al tolerant sensitive wheat Cloning ALMT1 ALMT1 expression in barley confers tolerance to Al Other Possible Mechanisms of Al tolerance Transfer of toxic metals to the vacuole may be important in tolerance to heavy metal stress (e.g. Mn, Cd) Selectivity of K+ Channels is increase by Ca2+ Geogenic arsenic contamination and human health-Xinjiang, China Natural hyperaccumulators Arabidopsis halleri: Zn (Cd) hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale Ni hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata: Arsenic hyperaccumulator Zn-hyperaccumulator: Thlaspi caerulescensNon-hyperaccumulator: Indian mustard Zn-hyperaccumulator: Thlaspi caerulescensNon-hyperaccumulator: Indian mustard 联合表达砷酸还原酶和谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶的植物对砷的抗性及体内砷累积量 李素霞 2006.12 摘要 对于砷污染修复，我们采用转基因的植物修复方法，将砷酸盐转移到地上部分，在酶的作用下将其还原为亚砷酸盐后和多肽形成复合物。砷酸还原酶基因编码砷酸还原酶（ArsC），可以将