第五章订单处理与信息系统幻灯片.pptVIP

订单周期的重要性 Importance of the order cycle Short cycle time used as a marketing and sales tool Monitoring the order cycle can increase firm efficiency Efficient Consumer Response (ECR)/Quick Response (QR) Used in grocery industry and by mass merchandisers POS data used to trigger order Keyed to more orderly, regular flow of product, smaller inventory 5.1订单管理 订单管理是从公司收到订单的时间到仓库被通知装运货物的期间发生的一系列活动。 Order planning-connected to sales forecasting 销售预测的订单计划 Order transmittal 订单传送 Order processing 订单处理 Order picking and assembly 订单拣选和装配 订货交货Order delivery 订单周期 Order cycle defined by the seller: time from when an order is received to when the goods arrive at the customer’s dock. Order cycle defined by the buyer: time from when an order is placed to when the goods are received. Also called replenishment cycle Getting shorter More precise delivery times Customer can track orders Quality is important and is benchmarked 5.1.1订单准备（Order Preparation） 订单准备是指搜集所需产品或服务的必要信息、正式提出购买要求的各项活动。 5.1.2订单传输 传送订单信息是订单处理过程中的第二道工序，涉及订货请求从发出地点到订单录入地点的传输过程。人工方式和电子方式 Methods of order transmittal Phone FAX Mail Scanning bar codes-electronic submission POS registers Internet 5.1.3订单录入 订单录入是指在订单实际履行前所进行的分项工作。包括： 核对订单信息的准确性 检查库存 保留或取消订单 审核客户信用 必要时，转录订单信息 开具账单 5.1.5订单状况的报告 1）在整个订单周转过程中跟踪订单 2）与客户交换订单处理进度、订单货物交付时间等方面的信息 5.2 订单处理举例 5.2.1工业订单处理 5.2.2零售订单处理 5.2.3消费者订单处理系统 （网上渠道的订单计划） 订单处理过程包括 Order processing includes Checking for completeness and accuracy A customer credit check Order entry into the computer system Marketing department credits salesperson Accounting department records transaction Inventory department locates nearest warehouse to customer and advises them to pick the order Transportation department arranges for shipment 5.4.2 内部运作 1.输入（数据来源：客户、公司记录、公开的数据、管理层） 2.数据库管理 3.输出 信息系统的重要性Benefits of Effective and Efficient Use of Information Replacement of inventory with information Reduced variability in the supply chain Better coordination of manufacturing, marketing, and distribution S