3-Biochemistry-生物化学.pptVIP

DNA/RNA: The Flow of Genetic Information A Nucleic Acid Consists of Four Kinds of Bases Linked to a Sugar-Phosphate Backbone RNA and DNA Differ in the Sugar Component and One of the Bases Nucleotides Are the Monomeric Units of Nucleic Acids A Pair of Nucleic Acid Chains with Complementary Sequences Can Form a Double-Helical Structure The Double Helix Is Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonds and Hydrophobic Interactions The Double Helix Facilitates the Accurate Transmission of Hereditary Information The Double Helix Can Be Reversibly Melted Some DNA Molecules Are Circular and Supercoiled 组蛋白 Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids Can Adopt Elaborate Structures DNA Is Replicated by Polymerases that Take Instructions from Templates DNA Polymerase Catalyzes -Bond Formation The Genes of Some Viruses Are Made of RNA Gene Expression Is the Transformation of DNA Information Into Functional Molecules Several Kinds of RNA Play Key Roles in Gene Expression All Cellular RNA Is Synthesized by RNA Polymerases RNA Polymerases Take Instructions from DNA Templates Transcription Begins near Promoter Sites and Ends at Terminator Sites Transfer RNA Is the Adaptor Molecule in Protein Synthesis Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point Major Features of the Genetic Code Messenger RNA Contains Start and Stop Signals for Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Is Nearly Universal Most Eukaryotic Genes Are Mosaics of Introns and Exons RNA Processing Generates Mature RNA Many Exons Encode Protein Domains Summary A Nucleic Acid Consists of Four Kinds of Bases Linked to a Sugar-Phosphate Backbone A Pair of Nucleic Acid Chains with Complementary Sequences Can Form a Double-Helical Structure DNA Is Replicated by Polymerases That Take Instructions from Templates Gene Expression Is the Transformation of DNA Information into Functional Molecules Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point Most Eukaryotic Genes Are Mosaics of Introns and Exons Explori