个人软件过程 L8 Software Design II.ppt

Lecture Topics The design process UML and the PSP Designing state machines Verifying state machines The Design Process Software design is the creative process of producing a precise and effective solution to a poorly-defined problem. The design process cannot be reduced to a routine procedure automated precisely controlled or predicted The design process can be structured to separate the routine from the creative activities ensure that the design work is performed properly identify effective design tools and methods Design as an Investment Experienced programmers do not need to produce designs to write most small programs. Designs are needed when small programs are to be used as parts of larger systems or when quality is critical. Based on data from 8,100 PSP programs, programmers who produced designs spent 53% more time than those who did not wrote programs that were 46% smaller Most programmers know how to write small programs. The critical skill is for developing large programs. Designed Programs are Smaller Design Takes Longer UML and the PSP -1 The Unified Modeling Language (UML) provides a graphical notation for describing software system behavior. UML is based on notations developed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson. Standardization by the Object Management Group (OMG) has led to UML’s widespread acceptance. Since UML has many formats and methods, users typically work with (small) UML subsets. UML and the PSP -2 UML and the PSP templates are complementary. UML covers the logical and physical construction of a software system. The PSP templates focus on precise descriptions of interfaces and system and component behavior. OCL (Object Constraint Language) is being developed to augment UML with a precise language for describing behavior. It is not yet widely used. Mapping UML and PSP Views Use Cases Use-case diagrams link actors (external agents) with use cases. Each use case describes a unit of functionality and is documented in text. (UML d