丽岙侨中九年级英语口语听力考试安排...92.ppt

2003 LS4143 曾晴賢(2765); ;Textbook:;成績評定:;課程時間表及授課綱要;;Case study-1;Case study-2;Lecture outline; Basic definitions of terms and field of study Understanding the difference between observational studies, and field and laboratory experiments Spatial and temporal implications in ecological interpretations ;Study of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems Study of interactions among and between organisms, and their environment Importance to human activities ;Located on the Nile River in Egypt (Figure 1.2) Potential benefits Several years of irrigation reserves Add 526,000 ha in arable land Produce 10 billion kilowatts of electrical power annually Protect country from catastrophic flood Benefits to date Saved rice and cotton crops from drought damage in 1972 and 1973 Two to three crops annually, as opposed to one Increased productivity and annual income from agriculture by 200% 380,000 ha of desert are being irrigated for the first time Unexpected ecological problems Increase in the incidence of schistosomiasis (47–80%) Decreased phytoplankton blooms and fish harvests in the Mediterranean (e.g., Sardine annual catch decreased from 15,000 tons to 500) Increased need for fertilization ($100 million annually). Fertilizer production uses most of the energy generated by the Dam. Farmers overwater their land, resulting in salt deposition (half of the irrigated acreage is affected by salt) Proper ecological studies could have predicted resulting ecological problems of the dam ; Investigating environmental change on the local, regional, and global scale Reductionist analyses and experimentation Adapted concepts from agriculture, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, chemistry, and mathematics Analytical and portable equipment Challenges for ecologists Acid deposition Global climate change Increasing use of fertilizer results in huge N inputs to communities Increasing use of pesticides Species extinction Ecology and Environmental Sciences Four