04－钻井液的滤失及其他性能.pptVIP

Effective Viscosity plastic viscosity Consistency index Shear Thinning Behavior Thixotropic Bahavior Pseudoplastic Flow-behavior index Penetration Rate Hole Cleaning transport ratio The Filtration Properties of Drilling Fluids 钻井液的滤失性能 1. Filtration （失水） Pressure difference Free water in mud Pore or fracture in formation 2. Mud cake or Filter cake（泥饼或滤饼） Mud solids are filtered out onto the walls of the hole, forming a cake of relatively low permeability（渗透率）, through which only filtrate（滤液） can pass. Muds must be treated to keep cake permeability as low as possible in order to maintain a stable borehole and to minimize filtrate invasion（侵入） of, and damage（损害） to, potentially productive horizons（生产层）. 泥浆的失水造壁性 在井中液体压力差的作用下，泥浆中的自由水通过井壁孔隙或裂隙向地层中渗透，称为泥浆的失水。失水的同时，泥浆中的固相颗粒附着在井壁上形成泥皮（泥饼），称为造壁。 水，作为水基钻井液的分散介质，在钻井液中以三种形态存在，即化学结合水、吸附水和自由水。 通常用滤失量(Filtration Loss)或失水量(Water Loss)来表示滤失性的强弱。 钻井液滤失的两个前提条件是：存在压力差和存在裂隙或孔隙性岩石。 在滤失过程中，随着钻井液中的自由水进入岩层，钻井液中的固相颗粒便附着在井壁上形成泥饼(Mud cake 或Filter cake)(细小颗粒也可能渗入岩层至一定深度)，这便是钻井液的造壁性。 3. The theory of Static Filtration Where, =the volume fraction of solids in the mud; =the volume fraction of solids in the cake; k = permeability in darcise; A = the area of the filter cake, cm2; = differential pressure in atmospheres, (105Pa); viscosity of the filtrate in centipoises t = time seconds Vf=Filtration Volume 静失水 (Static Filtration) 在起下钻或其它原因停止钻进时，钻井液停止循环，液流的冲刷作用消失，此时压力差为静液柱压力和地层压力之差。随着滤失的进行，泥饼逐渐增厚，单位时间的滤失量逐渐减小。在这一阶段，因压力差较小，泥饼较厚，故大多数情况下单位时间内的滤失量比动滤失量小。 4. Relationship between Filtrate Volume and Time 初失水（瞬时失水）（Spurt Loss） 钻头破碎孔底岩石，形成新的自由面瞬间，泥浆接触新的自由面，还未形成或很少形成泥皮，泥浆中的自由水以很高的速率向新鲜岩面失水，这时的失水称为瞬时失水或初失水。 5. The conditions recommended by API to measure the filtrate volume Time: 30 minutes Pressure: 6.8 atmosphere, 7 kg/cm2 Area of cake: approximately 45 cm2 Then, API Filtration Test 6. Relationship Between Pressure and Filtrate Volume 8. Relationship between Temperature and Filtration Volume 9. The Filter C