高级免疫学 绪论.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.Lymphocytes (except NK cells) are the only cells with specific receptors for antigens and are thus the key mediators of adaptive immunity. 2.Lymphocytes are derived from bone marrow stem cells. 3.B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow. T lymphocytes develop in the thymus. Introduction Lymphocytes Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 31 May 2006 05:26 PM) ? 2005 Elsevier Classes of lymphocytes B Lymphocytes BCR: a surface receptor (mIg) specific for a particular antigen B cells plasma cells antibody of the same specificity as the BCR Humoral immunity Introduction Ag secrete TCR: T-cell antigen receptor TCRαβ+ 95% TCRγδ+ 1–5% 1. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) 2. Helper T cells: Th1, Th2, Th3 3. Regulatory T cells (Tr) and suppressor T cells (Ts) Introduction T Lymphocytes Introduction T Lymphocytes T lymphocyte Introduction T Lymphocytes Human T-lymphocyte Attacking Fibroblast Tumor Cells Natural killer cells (NK) 1. 10~15% of blood lymphocytes, LGL 2. Do not express the kinds of clonally distributed antigen receptors that T and B cells do. Introduction Specialized cells that display antigens to T cells and provide second signal. Professional APCs include: dendritic cells (DCs) macrophages (M?) B cells. Antigen presenting cells (APC) Macrophage: powerful in antigen processing and destruction, but low in antigen presentation. Dendritic cells (DC): such as Langerhans cell (LC), powerful in antigen processing and presentation. Introduction Antigen presenting cells Introduction 伪足 Phagocytic cells Monocytes (blood)/Macrophages (tissues) functions: 1. remove particulate antigens 2. take up, process and present antigenic peptides to T cells distribution: Kupffer cells in the liver