语言学课件6syntax句法学.pptVIP

chapter 4 syntax --sentence pattern of language ---formation of sentences syn___together tax __to arrange 4 approaches: 1 traditional approach 2 structural ~ (Saussure) 3 Transformational-generative ~(Chomsky) 4 Functional ~ (Halliday) 1 traditional approach Category 1 number 2 gender 3 case 4 agreement 2 structural approach (Saussure) 1 positional relation (syntagmatic) 2 relation of Substitutability (paradigmatic) 3 relational Co-occurrence 4 Immediate Constituents 4. 1 the linear and hierarchical structures of sentences A: The linear(线性） word order of a sentence 1The student likes the new linguistic book. 2 John ,Mary and Susan went to the linguistic lecture. 3 John suggested that Mary take the linguistic class B:The hierarchical(层次性） structure of a sentence Eg.1The/ student likes/ the new/ linguistic book. 2 John ,Mary /and Susan went to /the linguistic lecture. 3 John suggested /that Mary take /the linguistic class. 1The student// likes/ the new linguistic book. 2 John ,Mary and Susan// went to the linguistic lecture. 3 John// suggested /that Mary take the linguistic class. the boy/ kicked /the dog. closeness (1) the boy kissed the girl *Girl the boy the kissed. The boy kicked the dog The dog kicked the boy. *dog the boy the kicked immediate constituent analysis直接成分分析 (ICA) ((The)( boy)) (kicked) ((the)( dogs)) *Ultimate constituent analysis最后成分分析 (UCA) ((The)( boy)) (kick+ed) ((the)( dog+s)) Tree diagram 1The student// likes/ the new linguistic book. 2 John ,Mary and Susan// went to the linguistic lecture. 3 John// suggested /that Mary take the linguistic class. (see blackboard) The tall men and women left. visiting professor can be interesting. [s[NP the student][vp[v likes] [NP the new linguistic book]]] [s[Np John,Mary and Susan][vp[V went][PP to the linguistic lecture]]] [s[NP John][vp [v suggested][s that Mary take the linguisti