实用翻译教程（4）.pptVIP

所谓习语，是指经过人们长期使用沿袭而提炼出来的形式简洁、意义精辟的定型词组或短语。就广义而言，习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语、俚语、格言等。 一、英汉习语比较 从形和义的角度来看，英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下几个方面： A.英汉习语形义全同, 这类习语为数少，例如： Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。 Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行。 It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains. 江山易改，本性难移。 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。 Follow the crowd 从众，随大流 More haste, less speed. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。 To fish in troubled waters. 混水摸鱼。 To kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕。 castles in the air 空中楼阁 充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 破釜沉舟 burn one’s boat; burn one’s bridge 千钧一发 hang by a hair; hang by a thread break silence; break the ice 打破沉默 Wall has ears 隔墙有耳 火上浇油 pour oil on the flame add fuel to the fire B. 习语形义基本相同, 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些： to take a load off ones mind 如释重负 to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth. 如出一辙 to make a beast of oneself 行同禽兽；行为卑鄙 He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 Shallow streams make most din. 水深不响， 水响不深。 溪浅水声喧。 没有学识的人最会夸夸其谈。 Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 Money talks. Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐。 坐失良机 miss the boat 沧海一粟，九牛一毛 a drop in the ocean 挥金如土 spend money like water 害群之马，败家子 a black sheep C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多，例如： When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink. 中文：救了落水狗，反咬你一口（强调好心得不到好报） 英文：狗若落水人人救（强调人人伸出援之手。) Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it. 中文：不知者无罪（强调网开一面） 英文：法盲犯法不可恕，（强调严格执行法律。) Strike while the iron is hot. 中文：趁热打铁(着重抓紧行动) 英文：(强调“抓住时机”) D.英汉习语形异义似, 例如： A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。 Great boast, small roast. 干打雷， 不下雨。说得多，做得少。 Take not a musket to kill a butterfly. 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。 to hit someone below the belt/to stab someone in the back 暗箭伤人 as weak as water 弱不禁风 ，极虚弱 E.英汉习语形义完全不同，例如： cast ones bread upon the waters 行善 keep the wolf from the door 免于饥饿，勉强度日 make ones blood freeze 令人恐惧 have bats in the belfry 异想天开 see the sun 活着，生活 Spill the beans 说漏嘴，无意中泄露秘密 Face the music 临危不惧，勇于承担责任 Milk and water 淡而无味 树倒猢狲散 Once the tree falls, the monkey