AA模板_Karma.docVIP

文章开头 The author argues that 原文结论 调查题：Basing the conclusion upon a survey that…, the author argues that… In support of this conclusion/to support this recommendation, the author cites the general principles that/ the author points out that… This argument/this recommendation is unconvincing because it suffers from XX critical flaws/ignore some important concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. 调查可靠性 样本容量不足 The study cited in the editorial may be defective and misleading because the total number of XXX is not specified. If 数量大, XX provides support for the conclusion. On the other hand, if 数量小, the conclusion is much weaker. Had the author indicates that…, the fact that 结论 would greatly support the author’s reasoning. 时间太短不具有趋势预测性 Data gathered from a XX period is insufficient to set up an conclusive conclusion for a XX period. Perhaps the XX period chosen is idiosyncratic and thus not representative of the entire year’s XX. A difference/fluctuation of XX during a particular week can easily be accounted for by other factor, such as…, or by problems with reporting or sampling. 样本不random The respondents’ views are not necessarily representative of the views of …in general. If it turns out, for example, that…only those…respond to the survey, the conclusion would be dramatically weakened. Without information regarding the way in which 样本 were selected, it is presumptuous to infer that…. 不知道调查怎么做的 The author unjustifiably relies on the studies that…., but does not provide evidence to confirm the reliability of the studies. Moreover, while the phrase “studies suggest” may appear to lend credibility to these claims, the phrase is vague enough to actually render the claims worthless, in the absence of any information about… Gratuitous Assumption The author’s forecast of…rests on the gratuitous assumption that… There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Just as likely that…上了学不