【精彩图集】令人称奇的自然分形图案.docVIP

【图集】令人称奇的自然分形图案从海洋贝类、螺旋星系再到人类肺部的结构，混沌的模型无处不在。 Fractals are patterns formed from chaotic equations and contain self-similar patterns of complexity increasing with magnification. If you divide a fractal pattern into parts you get a nearly identical reduced-size copy of the whole. 分形是从混沌方程形成的一系列图形，包含不断放大的复杂自相似图案。如果将一个分形图案分为几个部分，那么每一小块都和整体形状完全一样。The mathematical beauty of fractals is that infinite complexity is formed with relatively simple equations. By iterating or repeating fractal-generating equations many times, random outputs create beautiful patterns that are unique, yet recognizable. 分形的数学之美在于可以从相对简单的方程推导出无限复杂的系统。通过多次迭代或重复分形生成方程，随机输出就可以产生独特且可识别的美丽图案。 We have pulled together some of the most stunning natural examples we could find of fractals on our planet. 地球上也存在一些自然生成的分形图形，下面我们将从中挑出一些最美丽的图案，以飨读者。 Above: Romanesco Broccoli 罗马花椰菜（Romanesco Broccoli） This variant form of cauliflower is the ultimate fractal vegetable. Its pattern is a natural representation of the Fibonacci or golden spiral, a logarithmic spiral where every quarter turn is farther from the origin by a factor of phi, the golden ratio. 这种花椰菜的变种形式是一种极限分形蔬菜。它的图案是斐波纳契（Fibonacci）黄金螺旋的自然呈现形式，在这个对数螺旋中，每一个直角转弯与起始点的距离都被Φ值所约束，Φ值即黄金分割率。 Image: Flickr/Tin.G. 图片来源：Flickr/Tin.G. Salt Flats 盐滩（Salt Flats） The San Francisco Bay salt flats pictured above have been used for commercial salt production for over a century. 上图中的旧金山湾（San Francisco Bay）盐滩曾经出产了将近一个世纪之久的商品盐。 Below, an image from the largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni, located in southern Bolivia. The encrusted salt shows a remarkably consistent but random pattern, a characteristic of fractals. 下图展示了世界上最大的盐滩，即位于玻利维亚南部的乌尤尼岩沼（Salar de Uyuni）。结痂的盐层展现出一种非常一致的随机图案模式，这就是分形的特征。 Images: 1) Flickr/Tolka Rover. 2) Flickr/Mike D. Green. 图片来源：1）Flickr/Tolka Rover?? 2）Flickr/Mike D. Green Ammonite Sutures 菊石缝合线（Ammonite Sutures） Extinct for 65 million years, ammonites were marine cephalopods that built chambered spiral shells. The walls between these chambe