2019版高考英语大一轮复习 步骤化写作增分 第一步 过词汇关 第一讲 词汇如何写对讲义.docVIP

第一步 过词汇关 第一讲 词汇如何写对 [编写说明]　创设4步增分方案：过词汇关→过句子关→过段落关→过篇章关，每关又按“先写对→再写美”两层级设置课时。由词组句、连句成段、由段成篇，循序渐进，步步为营步步赢；先写对，再写美，符合一般考生的学习实际，保住基本分，才能得高分。 第一步过 词 汇 关 第一讲_词汇如何写对 词汇是语言的建筑材料，我们说话、写文章都离不开词汇。只有准确选词，文章才能优美。所以，要想写好文章，首先应从词汇着手。 一、准确选词的两个原则 1．规范 所谓规范是指所选的词语应是合乎习惯的、现代的、通用的。语言是交流的工具，我们只有选用那些合乎习惯的、现代的、通用的词语，人们才会觉得顺耳，否则就会显得生硬、难懂。如：We rise early every day.我们每天很早起床。这里的rise虽也有“起床”的含义，但很正式，生活中不常用。不如改为get up更为通俗易懂。又如，汉语中表示“看书”“看电视”“看黑板”等都用到一个“看”字，因为这个字在汉语中通用。如果英语中我们都用read或see或watch或look at等来表达这些“看”，则不符合英语的表达习惯，因此就是错误的。例如： Lets go to see the movies.我们去看电影吧。 Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。 Dont read in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。 How many children like watching TV? 有多少孩子喜欢看电视？ 2．贴切 所谓贴切是指词义所表示的内容能准确表达思想，这就要求写作者应透彻地掌握每个词语的确切含义。在学习英语时，我们尤其要注意那些同义词和多义词，使用不当就会出错。例如：“他长得很高。”英语是He is very tall.如果将tall误译为high则会使人理解为“他离地面很高”。当然这里只列举了词义间的差别。在行文中用词贴切，还应注意语境和通篇的语体，使每个词在上下文中都自然和谐。 二、用词不当常见的九种错误 1．词性混用 例1 误 She enjoys study English. 正 ①She enjoys English study. ②She enjoys studying English. 例2 误 Can you understand my speak？ 正 ①Can you understand my speaking/words？②Can you understand me？ 例3 误 When you through the valley, you may see a big pine tree. 正 When you go through the valley, you may see a big pine tree. 2．代词指代不明 例 误 She told my sister that she had passed the exam. 正 ①She told my sister that my sister had passed the exam. ②She had passed the exam and told this to my sister. 3．介词误用 例1 误 In my surprise, he got the first prize. 正 To my surprise, he got the first prize. 例2 误 He came here to attend the meeting in car. 正 He came here to attend the meeting by car. 例3 误 He was hurt on his right foot. 正 He was hurt in his right foot. 4．冠词误用 例1 误 We elected Li Hua the monitor of our class. 正 We elected Li Hua monitor of our class. 例2 误 Once upon a time, there was an one-eyed king. 正 Once upon a time, there was a one-eyed king. 5．动词误用例1 误 I forgot my keys in the car. 正 I left my keys in the car. 例2 误 Its going to rain. Bring a raincoat with you. 正 Its going to rain. Take