2019版高考英语大一轮复习 步骤化写作增分 第三步 过段落关 第二讲 如何写好文章正文讲义.docVIP

第二讲 如何写好文章正文 正文是文章的核心段落，在写作时应遵循一定的顺序进行表达，才能让读者快速领会文章的表达内容，而不应是几个要点的简单堆砌。合理地组织段落会使文章大放异彩。 一、组段应遵循的两个原则 1．统一性原则 一段话只能有一个中心，每句话都只能围绕这个中心去阐述，不能随心所欲地添加一些与中心无关的句子。下面是一个缺乏统一性的段落： The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man explained. He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind. We bought the bicycle. [名师指津] 本段内容缺乏统一性，句与句之间关联性不大，貌似每句话表达一个中心意思。语意颠倒，而且最后一句与中心无关。正确内容如下： The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind. As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man explained, “He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.” 2．连贯性原则 指句与句、段与段过渡自然(和谐、流畅，层次分明，符合逻辑)。保持段落的连贯性就应恰如其分地运用过渡语，使内容承前启后。如：first, at first, second, and then, finally, what’s more, but, however, such as, thus, as a result, in fact, therefore, in a word, in short等。 二、五种常见的组段排列法 一般而言，段落排列是有讲究的，主要有五种常见的行之有效的方法： 1．时间顺序排列法 时间顺序排列法是按时间发生的先后顺序或动作先后顺序来组成段落的表达法。这是一种简便而常见的手法，常用于讲故事、叙述经历、介绍历史事件、解释事物发展的过程、说明科学研究的程序等。 [典例1] Mike works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves his home and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It takes him down to the first floor. [名师指津] 该段是按动作先后顺序，通过时间推进方式描述人物活动的，使Mike从离开家到坐电梯去一楼的场景非常清晰地呈现在读者眼前。 有时为了明确各句之间的时间关系，会使用一些较明显的时间标记或过渡语等。 [典例2] I was born in New York, but I grew up in San Francisco. I began to live in London 25 years ago with my wife. If I am asked where I want to live forever, I would say London. [名师指津] 按时间顺序安排的段落同样首先要写好主题句，然后按事情发生的顺序或步骤的先后进行组织表达，所以要学会选用合适的表示时间先后的过渡语，使句与句之间有机地联系起来。过渡语就如同润滑剂，起到承上启下的作用，使表达流畅、自然。 在表达时间顺序时，经常使用的衔接词和过渡语有：now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, first, first of all, to begin/start with, firstly, at first, at the beginning