论文答辩-李美容.ppt

Name: Li Meirong Supervisor: Prof. Yan Jinglan Date: Jan 10, 2011 Research on the Application of Anxiety and Uncertainty Management in Intercultural Communication--Case Study on Shanghai Foreign Residents’ Perception to Shanghai Culture I. CONTENTS deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. High/Low uncertainty avoidance culture Useful in understanding differences in how strangers are treated. We all have a limit of uncertainty beyond which we feel uncomfortable. When meeting strangers, we use a number of strategies to reduce uncertainty, and tolerate ambiguity. e.g. asking questions, disclosing information about the self, and trying to find common knowledge and experiences with them. II. Theoretical Framework 1. Uncertainty Avoidance in Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory 2. Uncertainty Reduction Theory proposed by Berger Calabrese The beginnings of personal relationships are fraught with uncertainties. It is shown through communicator’s choice of behavior, and it can cause anxiety and tension, thus reducing communication competency. behavioral uncertainty—could be avoided cognitive uncertainty—could not be avoided To reduce cognitive uncertainty—mindful Factors affecting uncertainties: Non-verbal factors Interpersonal similarities Shared communication networks values differences Stranger the feelings of being uneasy, tense, worried and apprehensive about what might happen. Affective / Emotional our ability to predict or explain other’s behavior, feelings, attitudes, or values. Predictive / Explanatory 3. Gudykunst’s Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory III. Characteristics of Shanghai Culture A harmonious combination of localization, colonization and internalization. Western influence on Shanghai culture. e.g. religious culture influence Local influence on Shanghai culture. e.g. scholar-bureaucrat culture (Shidafu Culture) immigrant culture in Biyun Community and Gubei area on streets, in squares, in S