高级生理学-第6-7周.pptxVIP

PhysiologyInterrelationships Among Pressure, Flow, and Resistance Blood flow through a blood vessel is determined by two factors: pressure gradient(压力梯度) vascular resistance (血管阻力)PhysiologyBlood Flow (血流量) the quantity of blood that passes a given point in the circulation in a given period of time milliliters per minute or liters per minute The overall blood flow in the total circulation of anadult person at rest is about 5000 ml/min.Blood velocity (血流速度) cm/s or m/sPhysiologyPoiseuille’s Law （泊肃叶定律） F is the rate of blood flow DP is the pressure difference between the ends of the vessel r is the radius of the vessel l is length of the vessel h is viscosity (粘度) of the bloodPhysiologyTypes of blood flow (血流的方式) Laminar Flow of Blood in Vessels (层流) blood flowing in all directions in the vessel and continually mixing within the vessel streamlineTurbulent Flow of Blood Under Some Conditions (湍流) the blood flows crosswise in the vessel as well as along the vessel, usually forming whorls in the blood called eddy currents disorderlyPhysiologyPhysiology Re is Reynolds’ numberand is the measure of thetendency for turbulence to occur n is the mean velocity of blood flow (in centimeters/second) d is the vessel diameter (in centimeters) r is density h is the viscosity (in poise)PhysiologyResistance to Blood Flow (血流的阻力) If the pressure difference between two points is 1 mm Hg and the flow is 1 ml/sec, the resistance is said to be 1 peripheral resistance unit. PRUPhysiologyBlood Viscosity(血液粘滞度) The greater the viscosity, the less the flow in a vessel if all other factors are constant. the viscosity of normal blood is about three times as great as the viscosity of water But what makes the blood so viscous? It is mainlythe large numbers of suspended red cells in the bloodPhysiologyFactors affecting the Blood Viscosity the viscosity of blood increases drastically as the hematocrit increases the plasma protein concentration and types of proteins in the plasmaPhysiology