Satellite Communications - TKK Tietoliikennelaboratorio卫星通信tietoliikennelaboratorio TKK_推荐.pdfVIP

Satellite Communications Mika Nupponen S-72.4210 Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications 21/02/2006 1 Contents Introduction History of Satellite communications Satellites Satellite Link Design Propagation Effects and their impact Case: DVB-S Conclusions 21/02/2006 2 Introduction I Satellite communications systems exist because earth is a sphere. Radio waves travel in straight lines at the microwave frequencies used for wideband communications - repeater is needed to convey signals very long distances Satellites are important in: voice communications, video radio transmission, navigation (GPS), remote sensing (maps, weather satellites) etc. A majority of communication satellites are in geostationary earth orbit an altitude of 35 786 km Satellite in ”fixed place” typical path length from earth station to to a GEO satellite is 38 500 km Satellite systems operate in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, using frequencies between 1 and 50 GHz Above 10 GHz rain causes significant attenuation of the signal For the first 20 years of satellite communications analog signals were widely used (FM with most links) 21/02/2006 3 History of Satellite Communications – Some Milestones Satellite communications began in October 1957 with the launch by the USSR a small satellite called Sputnik 1 (4.10.1957) Beacon transmitter, no communications capability 3.11.1957 Sputnik 2 with Laika 12.4.1961 Vostok 1 with Jur