基于多体动力学的高速汽车侧风稳定性分析-analysis of lateral wind stability of high-speed vehicle based on multi-body dynamics.docxVIP
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基于多体动力学的高速汽车侧风稳定性分析-analysis of lateral wind stability of high-speed vehicle based on multi-body dynamics
摘要随着汽车车速的不断提高,汽车侧风稳定性的研究日益重要。由于实车试验风险大、场地设备要求高,而使用计算或仿真的方法则可以极大的的缩短产品开发周期。因而进行高速汽车侧风稳定性计算与仿真研究具有现实意义。在车辆动力学研究过程中,汽车数学模型的精确与否始终是一个关键问题。本文应用多体动力学理论建立了考虑侧风因素的十七自由度整车动力学模型,该模型主要包括转向系统方程、车轮运动方程、车轮受力方程、悬架受力方程、汽车运动方程、汽车空气动力学方程等,并在此动力学模型的基础上进行了汽车的侧风稳定性计算分析。随着计算机技术的长足进步,以及多体系统动力学这一学科的成熟,汽车虚拟样机技术得到很大发展,汽车虚拟样机模型的自由度越来越多,仿真结果越来越精确。本文建立了多自由度的汽车整车虚拟样机模型,主要包括悬架、转向系统、动力系统等,进行了高速汽车在侧风作用时瞬态转向运动仿真,并分别模拟了汽车在不同侧风类型、不同风压中心位置、不同车型、不同风速、不同车速时的运动状况并进行了结果分析。进行了汽车侧风稳定性试验研究,对十七自由度的理论模型及多自由度的虚拟样机模型的计算及仿真结果进行了对比,发现虚拟样机模型具有更高的精度,而十七自由度模型则具有更广泛的适用范围。根据进行的计算与仿真结果,提出了汽车侧风稳定性评价指标,并首次提出汽车侧风稳定性的综合评价指标。根据研究结果分析,进行了改善汽车侧风稳定性的措施的研究,提出了汽车空气动力学特性参数、汽车结构参数及汽车气动造型各个方面的改善措施。关键词:高速汽车;侧风;十七自由度;多体动力学;虚拟样机;改善措施AbstractWiththeincreasingofvehiclespeed,theeffectoftheaerodynamicsonthevehiclehandlingandstabilitybecomesmoreandmoreimportant.Theexperimentscostalotofmoneyandtime.Thedevelopingprocessandexperimenttimesofanewautomobilecouldbereducedbycomputersimulation.Sotheresearchofthehigh-speedvehicleside-windstabilitywithcomputersimulationissignificantlyhelpful.Tostudythedynamicsofvehicle,thekeypointistobuildaaccuratemodel.Withthegreatimprovementofthecomputertechniqueandthematurationofthemulti-bodydynamics,themulti-DOFoftheautomobilemodelwaspresentedandthesimulationresultsweremoreaccurate.Inthisthesis,a17DOFvehiclemodelinthecross-wind,whichbasedonthehigh-speedaerodynamicscharactersandnon-lineartiremodel,wasbuilt,theperformanceofhigh-speedvehiclerunninginstraightlineinthecrosswindhavebeensimulatedwithsomeresultsandafewanalysesofthemhavebeengiven.UsingtheADAMS,avehicledynamicmodelofmulti-rigidbodiesincludingsuspensionsystem,steeringsystemandpowersystemwasbuilt.Theperformanceofhigh-speedvehiclewhichturningduringthecrosswindwhichincludingvariousC.P.,velocityandvehiclestylehasbeensimulatedwithsomesimulationresultsandafewanalysishavebeengiven.Basedonthesimulationresults,thevehiclestabilityinside-windhasbeenimproved,presentthewayonaerodynamicparameter,automotivestructuralparameterandvehiclestyletoimprovevehiclestabilityinside-wi
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