基于分布式光纤布里渊频移的液体压力检测技术分析-analysis of liquid pressure detection technology based on distributed optical fiber brillouin frequency shift.docx

大，而随着护套的弹性模量、厚度、热膨胀系数增加而增大；然而，压力灵敏 度却随着护套弹性模量和泊松比增大而减弱，只能随着护套厚度增加而增强。 这些分析为后续利用不同护套结构设计不同温度和压力灵敏度的分布式布里渊 传感器提供依据和参考。虽然布里渊频移对压力敏感，但同时也对温度敏感，即压力和温度交叉敏 感，而且在现场应用中又难以保持恒温环境。于是，本文利用上述不同护套结 构的光纤具有不同压力和温度灵敏度系数的特点，设计了基于双通道分布式光 纤布里渊频移的传感器，解决了压力和温度的交叉敏感问题，并实现了压力和 温度的同时测量。而且，本文还对该类双通道布里渊传感器的测量误差进行了 理论分析和设计质量评估，并得到了基于误差分析的设计准则。以本文所构建 的双通道分布式光纤布里渊传感器为例，其理论压力精度和温度精度分别为 0.256MPa 和 0.284°C，此结果对于 30MPa 左右的井下压力已达到高于 1%的精 度，而且通过护套的优化设计还可以实现更高精度。最后，本文在井下压力监测的实用化方面做了相关研究工作。不仅根据井 下地层分层分块的特点，设计了井下准分布式光纤布里渊压力传感器方案；还 根据井下空间狭长的特点，围绕传感探头的小型化做了相关实验和研究：一方 面，对于光纤缠绕式传感探头，本文通过实验研究了光纤缠绕对背向布里渊散 射信号强度的影响，其结果显示，对于普通单模光纤，为避免布里渊散射信号 的强度受到明显影响，光纤缠绕的直径应大于 30mm，即所设计的保护壳体的 内径应大于 30mm；另一方面，对于非缠绕式传感探头，提出了错位布里渊频 移法以优化传感器在局部位置的最小可测量长度，使作为传感探头的光纤最短 长度可由传统的 1m 缩短到 30cm 以下，并且提高被测量（温度或光纤应变）较 小时的频谱拟合精度和测量精度。关键词：光纤传感器；压力检测；布里渊频移；光纤护套；温度测量AbstractThe sensors which based on the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) distributed along the optical fibers have advantages of explosion-proof and weatherability, as well as distributed sensing along dozens of miles. And they are comparatively suitable for downhole applications. This technology has been widely employed in health mornitoring for many engineering infrastructures and architectures by possessing the ability of sensing temperature and strain. However, there are few reports on hydrostatic pressure measuring by this technology, and also it has not been introduced to pressure monitoring in downhole. Therefore, this work studies hydrostatic pressure detection technology based on the BFS distributed along the optical fibers with the background of mornitoring an important geologic paremeter,i.e. pressure, for oil well.After studing the basic principle and method of measuring the BFS distributed along the optical fibers, this paper sets up an experimental arrangement of Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) based on stimulate Brillouin scattering (SBS). The brillouin spectrums stimulated by different pulse-width are evaluated by goodness of Lorentz fitting, and the full