文章结构题解题方法.docVIP

文章结构题的解题方法 　　所谓文章结构题,就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。与主旨大意题和细节理解题考查学生对篇章内容理解能力不同的是,文章结构题主要考查学生对阅读材料的篇章结构和发展脉络的宏观把握。在高考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式,这一期,就给同学们讲讲文章结构题的解题方法。 　　 　　一、文章结构题的题干表现形式 　　1. What is the right order of the steps in doing …? 　　2. The second paragraph is developed by. 　　3. How is the passage mainly developed? 　　4. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with. 　　5. Which of the following picture shows the structure of the passage? 　　6. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ______. 　　 　　二、文章结构题的解答 　　文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或是其中的某个段落,在解答此类题之前,有必要对全篇或考查的段落进行通读,了解其大意。由于题目提问方式较为单一,无非是文章、段落的发展方法,因此解题的关键在于找出篇章、段落中表示层次发展的关键词,如表示时间的关联词、表示方位的关联词、表示因果关系的关联词和表示对比比较的关联词等等。另外,此类题型最为常见的考法之一就是,根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤过程,推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。此时,同学们要在正确理解篇章内容基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。这些推断往往不是凭空臆断,而是会在上文中给出一定提示,或是所说明的两个人或事物的另一个,或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面,作者总会给读者最充分的证据对文章结构作出合理的推断。下面我们以高考题为例总结一些文章结构题的解答技巧。 　　【例1】 　　 Armstrong showed a great talent (天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. 　　The third paragraph is developed. 　　 A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison 　　【解 析】 　　题目问节选段落所描述事件的说明方法。A. 按空间顺序;B. 举例说明;C. 按时间顺序;D. 比较说明。此题需要从文章的细节理解着手。节选段落描写了Armstrong的学艺历程。从“at a boy’s home”和“In his late teens”,我们可以得知节选部分的情节发展方式是按照时间顺序进行的。答案为C。 　　 　　【例2】 　　How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? 　　In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, th