基于生态基础设施视角的北方地区水城规划研究——以河南新安水城规划为例-study on water city planning in northern china from the perspective of ecological infrastructure —— a case study of xinan water city planning in henan province.docx
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基于生态基础设施视角的北方地区水城规划研究——以河南新安水城规划为例-study on water city planning in northern china from the perspective of ecological infrastructure —— a case study of xinan water city planning in henan province
摘要现阶段,水资源问题成为影响城市发展的重要因素。首先,水资源短缺制约城市发展:短缺主要集中于两个方面,第一是资源型缺水,城市固有水量短缺,第二是水质型缺水,城市水量丰富,环境破坏等造成水质污染,城市可用水资源较少,因而缺水。其次,雨洪灾害威胁城市安全:极端气候出现,雨水时空分布不均,造成雨季暴雨袭城频发。因而旨在调节城市水环境,解决城市水问题的“水城”、“海绵城市”等概念应运而生。北方地区城市水资源短缺,既表现在水量上也表现在水质上,加之城市雨水时空分布不均,城市多旱涝并存,因而本文将研究重点锁定在北方地区水城建设上。但是目前水城建设实践多,理论较少。在众多的实践项目中,“水城”多成为城市招商引资的噱头,建设重点在于提升城市形象,而在水资源的合理利用和配置上关注较少,造成城市水系后续水量难以保证;雨洪灾害防治效果不明显;此外,在推动滨水产业、营造特色空间、发展滨水特色交通系统等方面亦未引起重视。究其原因,就是忽略了水系作为城市生态基础设施的重要性。水系应当同城市其他基础设施一样,其建设先行于城市,并引导和支撑城市其他各项发展,因而本文选择从生态基础设施视角切入,对当前众多水城实践项目进行研究和反思,期望谋求一种更合理的建设方式。论文从以下几方面展开研究。首先,以北方地区的水城实践为研究对象进行现状调研和综合评析,总结规划建设经验与教训,并针对当前存在的主要问题剖析其症结所在。其次在国内外水城实践和相关理论的基础上,提出了基于生态基础设施视角的规划策略,即:①对城市水资源进行合理配置,根据其资源条件选择适宜的水系利用模式,构建水系格局;②借鉴低影响开发理论,建立雨水收集净化、调蓄、泄洪和管理体系,防治雨洪灾害,保障雨洪安全;③是依托水系格局,建构城市滨水特色空间,推动滨水产业建设,发展滨水特色交通。最后将策略应用到河南新安水城的实践研究中,通过实践验证理论的可行性。论文通过以上研究,期望寻求解决当前北方地区水城建设存在问题的方法,为以后的实践和研究提供参考。关键词:生态基础设施,北方地区,水城规划,低影响开发理论,雨洪管理与利用ABSTRACTAtpresent,waterissuehasbecameanimportantfactorintermsofurbandevelopment.Aboveall,watershortagesrestricturbandevelopment,whichmainlyhaseffectsontwoaspects:cityinherentwatershortagesandscarcityofcleanwater.Next,stormwaterhazardsthreaturbansafety.Thisisbecauseunevendistributionofrain.Whenextremeweatheroccurs,itcausesfrequentmonsoonrains.Inordertoimprovethewaterenvironment,WaterCity,SpongeCityetc.therefore,arebeingdevelopedtosolvewaterissuesofcity.Bothwatershortagesareissuedinthenortherncities,coupledwithunevendistributionrainfallanddroughtsandcoexistenceinmostcity.So,thisarticlewillmainlyfocusontheconstructionofWaterCitybuildinginthenortherncities.Currently,comparedwithlimitedtheoryresearch,thebuildingofWaterCityhasmanypracticedexamples.Usually,itisagimmickforurbaninvestment.Duringthebuilding,thefocuswouldbeonthebuildingthecitysimageandimproveinvestmentwhileitignoresreasonableutilizationandallocationofwaterresources.Thishasledtomanyproblems,forinstance,thefollow-upofwatercannotbeensuredandtheaimofstormwaterdisasterpreventioncannotbeachieved.Inaddition,thepromotingindustrialwaterfront,developingchara
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