基于势场和kinect的移动机器人导航分析-navigation analysis of mobile robot based on potential field and kinect.docxVIP
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基于势场和kinect的移动机器人导航分析-navigation analysis of mobile robot based on potential field and kinect
摘要智能移动机器人(在本论文的后续简称移动机器人)是一类能够通过感知环境,实现在环境中运动的机器人系统。移动机器人的导航问题对于移动机器人十分重要,其研究内容是在具有障碍物的环境内,移动机器人按照一定的评价标准,实现从起始位置到设定的目标位置的无碰撞运动。移动机器人导航的一个重要任务就是路径规划:寻找到开始点与目标点之间的可行路径。环境感知则是移动机器人进行路径规划的关键技术。机器人可以通过机器人视觉来捕获周围环境信息。Kinect由于其价格低廉,能提供丰富的2D或者3D信息,从而被广泛的应用于机器人,成为机器人的眼睛。本文采用Kinect获知环境信息,结合Kinect捕获得到的深度图和3D点云图,对深度图进行修复,从而获得当前环境的距离信息。再根据距离信息,建立当前环境的势场,利用路径规划技术中的势场法,完成机器人的路径规划。论文的主要工作及贡献包括:(一)提出了一种新的路径规划算法。首先分析了路径规划的各种技术,特别是基于势场法的路径规划技术。针对传统的势场法存在局部极小值、目标可能不可达、动态规划能力不足等缺陷,创新地提出了一种新的方法—“阴影”势场法,该方法克服了局部极值、目标可能不可达等问题,并且可以拓展到动态场景,使机器人能够参考目标的避障行为,尽可能地靠近目标进行有效避障,特别适用于伴随机器人的导航。MATLAB的仿真结果验证了该新型算法的有效性。(二)创新的引入点云
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