氮素营养及氮素对作物的生理影响 修改 植物生理 技术方案.pptVIP

4.2 NR与硝态氮的关系 NR是氮素代谢中的关键酶。由于硝态氮在细胞内是呈现区域化分布，小部分位于代谢库中，而大部分贮藏于贮藏库，只有代谢库中的硝态氮才能被植物所利用。所以人们对于NR活性高低与硝态氮的关系非常的关注，研究的结果也各不相同。 ?NR活性高，硝态氮含量少。?NR活性随硝态氮含量的升高而升高（NR 是诱导酶）。?硝态氮对NR的诱导有一定限度。当硝态氮含量过高时，NR活性不受底物诱导。?二者之间有一定的联系，但不相关。其原因是硝态氮在细胞内分布有区域，代谢库中的硝态氮才能被NR还原。 5. 植物细胞中硝态氮代谢库的测定 1937年，Ferrari等在暗中厌氧条件下，培养玉米叶片时发现，当细胞质中的硝态氮被全部还原成亚硝态氮时，培养介质中亚硝态氮不再积累，这时亚硝态氮对应的硝态氮就代表了硝态氮代谢库的大小。 陈宝明，2002.6 测定培养时间对组织亚硝态氮生成量的影响： 二、Assimilation of ammomium 1. Introduction: In soils ,ammonium( NH+4) mainly results from the mineralisation of organic matter and represents besides nitrate the quantitatively most important source nitrogen for plant nutrition. In well aerated agricultural soils,however,average annual NH+4 concentration are often 10 to 1000 times lower than those of NO-3, rarely exceeding 50uM. Despite these low concentrations in soils , NH+4 uptake by plant roots can proceed at very high rateS, due to the presence of transport system in the root plasma membrane with a particularly high substrate affinity 3.1 氨基化合物  asparagine(Asn) inhibits both the uptake and reduction of nitrate, but glutamine inhibits only reduction. The inhibition of nitrate reduction by the amides is associated with inhibition of induction of both NR and NiR in maize seedlings (Sivasankar et al, 1997). Expressions of the root nitrate transporter genes Nrt2;1 and Nrt1 are diurnally(只在白天) regulated in photosynthetically active Arabidopsis thaliana plants (Lejay et al, 1999). Both increase during the light period and decrease in the first hours of the dark period (Lejay et al, 1999). Sucrose supply prevents the inhibition of Nrt2;1 and Nrt1 expression in the dark (Lejay et al, 1999). During rapid pod fill(right), leaf proteolysis（蛋白酶解） occurs and much of the amino N in the leaf is exported to the filling pods. Consequently the phloem is enriched with amino compounds, which repress（inhibit） nitrate uptake and consequently diminish (decrease) the rate of nitrate reduc